Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂eh₁ter-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

From *h₂eh₁- (“to be hot, warm, dry”) +‎ *-tēr (agentive nominal suffix).

The root is found functionally in Palaic 𒄩𒀀 (ḫa-a /⁠ḫā⁠/, “to be hot”) and with another derivative in Proto-Celtic *ā-ti- f (“drying kiln”). More at *h₂eHs-.

Noun

*h₂eh₁ter-

1. fire

   Synonyms: *h₁n̥gʷnís, *péh₂wr̥

Reconstructions

• *h₂éh₁tēr m or f
• *h₂éh₁tr̥ n

Usage notes

• The original gender of the noun is unreconstructible. It may have been either masculine/feminine *h₂éh₁tēr or neuter *h₂éh₁tr̥, or both may have existed in semantic opposition (compare the near-synonyms *h₁n̥gʷnís m and *péh₂wr̥ n).

Derived terms

• Albanian: vatër, votër (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Armenian:
  • Old Armenian: *այր (*ayr, “fire”), ⇒ այրեմ (ayrem, “to burn”), ⇒ զայրանամ (zayranam, “to become angry”)
• Proto-Italic: *ātros
  • Latin: āter (“matte black”) (possibly in sense of “blackened by fire”), atrox (“fierce”), Atella (“an ancient Oscan city in Campania”), ātrium (“welcoming room”), Atrius (“a family name”)
  • Umbrian: 𐌀𐌕𐌓𐌖 (atru, “black”)
  • Oscan: 𐌀𐌀𐌃𐌝𐌓𐌉𐌉𐌔 (aadíriis, “familial name akin to Latin 'Atrius'”)
• Indo-Iranian: *HáHtr̥š (“fire”)
  • Iranian: *HáHtr̥š (“fire”) (see there for further descendants)
    • Avestan: 𐬁𐬙𐬀𐬭 (ātar, “fire”)
    • → Old Armenian: ատր- (atr-)

See also

• *h₂eHs- (“to be/become dry, to burn, to glow, hearth, ashes”)
• *h₂eh₃- (“to be hot, to burn”)
• *h₁engʷ- (“to burn, fire”)
• *h₁ews- (“to burn”)