Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/tek-

See also: Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/teḱ-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root 1

*tek-^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]

to take by the hand
to receive, obtain

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *tek- (receive) (42 c, 0 e)

*ték-e-ti
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *tektei
  - Latvian: tikt
  - Lithuanian: tèkti
- Proto-Celtic: *teketi
  - Proto-Brythonic:
    - Breton: tizaff
*tek-tós
- Proto-Celtic: *texto-
  - ⇒ Old Irish: techtaid, >? techt
  - Gaulish: *tekto-, ⇒ *Textosaxs (literally “goods-seeker”)
    - → Ancient Greek: Τεκτόσαγες (Tektósages) (name of a Galatian tribe)
    - → Latin: Tectosages, Tectosagae (name of a Gaulish tribe in France)
*tek-yé-ti
- Proto-Germanic: *þigjaną (see there for further descendants)
*tk-e-tróm
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kšatrám (see there for further descendants)
*tk-eh₁- (verbal noun)^[5]^[6]
- Ancient Greek: κτάομαι (ktáomai)
- Ancient Greek: κτέανον (ktéanon)
- Ancient Greek: κτῆμα (ktêma)
- Ancient Greek: κτῆνος (ktênos)
- Ancient Greek: κτῆσις (ktêsis)
- ⇒ *tkh₁-éy-e-ti
  - Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kšHáyati (“to rule, have power over, control”) (or *kšáyati, from *h₃kʷs-éye-ti, from a desiderative of *h₃ekʷ- (“to see”)^[2])
    - Proto-Indo-Aryan:
      - Sanskrit: क्षयति (kṣáyati)
    - Proto-Iranian: *xšáyati
      - ⇒ Ossetian: ӕхсин (æxsin, “lady, mistress”)
      - ⇒ Old Persian: 𐏋 (XŠ /⁠xšāyaθiya⁠/, “king”), 𐎧𐏁𐎠𐎹𐎰𐎡𐎹 (x-š-a-y-θ-i-y)
        Middle Persian: 𐭬𐭫𐭪𐭠 (MLKA /⁠šāh⁠/)
        Persian: شاه (šâh) (see there for further descendants)
      - ⇒ Sogdian: 𐫀𐫟𐫢𐫏𐫔 (ʾxšyδ /⁠(ə)xšēδ⁠/, “king, chief”)
*tek-ṓ
- Proto-Germanic: *þegô (“receiver”) (see there for further descendants)

Unsorted formations

>? Proto-Celtic: (or borrowed from Germanic?)
- Old Irish: taca (“prop, support, peg”, noun)
  - Irish: taca
  - Scottish Gaelic: taca

References

^ Pokorny, Julius (1959), “tek-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 1057-1058
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “1.*tek-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 618-619
^ Derksen, Rick (2015), “tekti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 462
^ Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*þegjan-; *þegna-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 536
^ Lubotsky, Alexander (2011), “kṣā [2]”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University: “The reconstruction *tkeh₂- seems hardly possible, because we need palatalization in order to account for the Indo-Iranian facts. The consistent ē-vocalism in Greek is consistent with this reconstruction.”
^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “κτάομαι”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 788-789: “All forms have κτη-, except for the present κτάομαι, but this is relatively rare and late”

Root 2

*tek-^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]

to weave

Reconstruction notes

This root is similar to *teḱ- (“to produce, beget, sire”), and their descendants have partial semantic overlap. Only Old Armenian թեքեմ (tʻekʻem) conclusively points to the plain-velar *k, so it is often assumed that the other (Centum) descendants listed below are from *teḱ-. Though it can be neither confirmed nor disproven, it is also possible that the two are different but related forms of one original root.

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *tek- (weave) (13 c, 0 e)

*ték-e-ti
- Proto-Armenian:
  - Old Armenian: թեքեմ (tʻekʻem), թեկեմ (tʻekem)
    - Armenian: թեքել (tʻekʻel)
*ték-seti
- Proto-Germanic: *þehsaną
  - Proto-West Germanic: *þehsan (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic: *teksō
  - Latin: texō (see there for further descendants)
*téks-ti ~ *tks-énti
- Proto-Anatolian:
  - Hittite: 𒈭𒆠𒅖𒍣 (tákkišzi)

Unsorted formations

Proto-Armenian:
- >? Old Armenian: թեզան (tʻezan) (perhaps by conflation with *(s)tegʰ- (“to stitch”) or another root) (see there for further descendants)

References

^ Pokorny, Julius (1959), “tek-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1058
^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “2.*tek-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 619-620
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “texō, -ere”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 619
^ Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008), “takš-^zi”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 813-814