Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/dъždžь

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Uncertain, *ždž (*šč) can be derived from *zd (*st) and *zg (*sk):

• *dusdjos: From Proto-Balto-Slavic *dúsdjus, from Proto-Indo-European *dus-dyu-, a compound of *dus- (“bad”) +‎ *dyu- (“sky”).
  • Compare Sanskrit दुर्दिन (durdina, “rain, shower”), Ancient Greek εὐδία (eudía, “fair weather”).
• *duzgjo-: From **dъždžati, **dъždžitь; *-ь.
  • Related to Lithuanian duzgė́ti (“to rumble?, buzz?”), duzgénti.
  • See also *mъrskati, *mъrščati, *mъrždžiti, *pъrskati, *polskati, *pľuskati, *bučiti, *bučati, *buča, *bučadlo, *buriti, *buřa.
• *duskjos: From **dъščati, **dъščitь; *-ь or **dъskati/**dъsknǫti +‎ *-jь.
  • Related to Norwegian duskregn (“drizzling rain”), det dusker, Swedish regndusk (“drizzling rain”), dusk, dúska, Bavarian dusel (“drizzle?”). Further related to Norwegian dysja or dust (“dust”) < *dʰewh₂-.
  • See also *mižati, *mьžati, *mьžiti, *mьža, *mьžica, *mьžika, *mьga, *mьgla (< *h₃meygʰ-, ?*h₃meyǵʰ-), *mьrknǫti, *mьrčiti, *morčiti, Czech pršeti, Bulgarian ситен дъжд (siten dăžd).

Noun

*dъždžь

*dъ̀ždžь m

1. rain

Declension

Declension of *dъ̀ždžь (soft o-stem, accent paradigm b)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*dъ̀ždžь	*dъždžà	*dъždžì
genitive	*dъždžà	*dъždžù	*dъ̀ždžь
dative	*dъždžù	*dъždžèma	*dъ̀ždžemъ
accusative	*dъ̀ždžь	*dъždžà	*dъždžę̇̀
instrumental	*dъždžь̀mь, *dъždžèmь*	*dъždžèma	*dъ̀ždži
locative	*dъždžì	*dъždžù	*dъ̀ždžixъ
vocative	*dъždžu	*dъždžà	*dъždžì

^* -ьmь in North Slavic, -emь in South Slavic.

Alternative reconstructions

• *dъščь

Derived terms

• *bezdъždžь
• *bezdъždžьje
• *bezdъždžьnъ
• *dъždžati
• *dъždževica
• *dъždževьnica
• *dъždževьnikъ
• *dъždževьnъ
• *dъždževъ
• *dъždževъka
• *dъždžěnъ
• *dъždžiti
• *dъždživъ
• *dъždžьcь
• *dъždžьlivъ
• *dъždžьnъ

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: *дъжджь (*dŭždžĭ), дъжжь (dŭžžĭ), дъжчь (dŭžčĭ)
    • Old Ruthenian: дожджъ (doždž), дождчъ (doždč), дожчъ (dožč), дощъ (došč), دَوژْجْ (doždž), دَوشْجْ (došdž), دَوشْچْ (došč), دُوژْچْ (dūžč) — Middle Belarusian Arabica
      • Belarusian: дождж (doždž)
      • Carpathian Rusyn: дощ (došč), дождж (doždž), дож (dož) (Subcarpathian); дойдж (dojdž), дойч (dojč) (Lemko); додж (dodž) (Prešov)
      • Ukrainian: дощ (došč); дождж (doždž), дож (dož), дорщ (doršč) (dialectal)
    • Russian: дожж (dožž) (obsolete, dialectal)
  • Old Novgorodian: дъжгь (dŭzʹgĭ) (Old Pskovian)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Glagolitic script: ⰴⱏⰶⰴⱐ (dŭždĭ)

    Old Cyrillic script: дъждь (dŭždĭ)

    • Bulgarian: дъжд (dăžd)
    • Macedonian: дожд (dožd)
    • → Old East Slavic: дъждь (dŭždĭ)
      • Old Ruthenian: дождь (doždʹ)
        • Carpathian Rusyn: дождь (doždʹ)
      • Russian: дождь (doždʹ)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: да̏жд (dialectal, archaic)

    Latin script: dȁžd (dialectal, archaic)

    • Chakavian Serbo-Croatian: dȁžd, dȁž, dãš
    • Kajkavian Serbo-Croatian: dežđ
  • Slovene: də̏ž (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Lechitic:
    • Old Polish: deżdż, deszcz
      • Polish: deszcz
      • Silesian: dyszcz
    • Polabian: dåzd
    • Pomeranian:
      • Kashubian: deszcz
      • Slovincian: deszcz
  • Old Czech: déšč
    • Czech: déšť
  • Old Slovak: dážď, déšť, dóžď, dišť, dišč, *dižď
    • Pannonian Rusyn: диждж (diždž)
    • Slovak: dážď
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: dešć
    • Lower Sorbian: dešć

See also

• *kysnǫti, *kysiti, *kyša
• *liti
• *mьlsti
• *moknǫti, *močiti, *moča
• *mokrъ, *mokriti
• *mъzgnǫti, *mъždžiti
• *slota
• *tǫča
• *tuskъ
• *tъska

Further reading

• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1978), “*dъždžь”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), volume 5 (*dělo – *dьržьlь), Moscow: Nauka, page 195
• Anikin, A. E. (2020), “дождь”, in Русский этимологический словарь [Russian Etymological Dictionary] (in Russian), issue 14 (дигнитарь – дрощи), Moscow: Nestor-Historia, →ISBN, page 122
• Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1985), “дощ”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volume 2 (Д – Копці), Kyiv: Naukova dumka, page 117
• Jaroslav Rudnyckyj (1972–1982), “дощ”, in An Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language, volumes 2 (Д – Ь), Ottawa: Ukrainian Mohylo-Mazepian Academy of Sciences; Ukrainian Language Association, →LCCN, page 188
• Martynaŭ, V. U., editor (1985), “до́ждж”, in Этымалагічны слоўнік беларускай мовы [Etymological Dictionary of the Belarusian Language] (in Belarusian), volumes 3 (га! – інчэ́), Minsk: Navuka i technika, page 140
• Chernykh, P. Ja. (1999), “дождь”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 1 (а – пантомима), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 256
• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “дождь”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Brückner, Aleksander (1927), “deszcz”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish), Warsaw: Wiedza Powszechna
• Berneker, Erich (1908–1913), “dъždžь”, in Slavisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter's Universitätsbuchhandlung, page 248
• В. В. Мартынов (1981), “Балто-славяно-иранские языковые отношения и глоттогенез славян. bur’a – dъždžь 'непогода'.”, in Балто-славянские исследования. 1980., Moscow: Nauka, page 20
• Журавлев, А. Ф. (2000), “Наивная этимология и "кабинетная мифология" (Из наблюдений над мифологизмом А.Н. Афанасьева)”, in Этимология 1997‒1999, Moscow, page 53