Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/dъždžь

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Alternative reconstructions

• *dъščь

Etymology

Uncertain, *ždž (*šč) can be derived from *zd (*st) and *zg (*sk):

• *dusdjos: From Proto-Indo-European *dus-dyu-, a compound of *dus- (“bad”) +‎ dyu- (“sky”).
  • Compare Sanskrit दुर्दिन (durdina, “rain, shower”), Ancient Greek εὐδία (eudía, “fair weather”).
• *duzgjo-: From **dъždžati, **dъždžitь +‎ *-ь.
  • Related to Lithuanian duzgė́ti (“to rumble?, buzz?”), duzgénti.
  • See also *mъrskati, *mъrščati, *mъrždžiti, *pъrskati, *polskati, *pľuskati, *bučiti, *bučati, *buča, *bučadlo, *buriti, *buřa.
• *duskjos: From **dъščati, **dъščitь +‎ *-ь or **dъskati/**dъsknǫti +‎ *-jь.
  • Related to Norwegian duskregn (“drizzling rain”), det dusker, Swedish regndusk (“drizzling rain”), dusk, dúska, Bavarian dusel (“drizzle?”). Further related to Norwegian dysja or dust (“dust”) < *dʰewh₂-.
  • See also *mižati, *mьžati, *mьžiti, *mьža, *mьžica, *mьžika, *mьga, *mьgla (< *h₃meygʰ-, ?*h₃meyǵʰ-), *mьrknǫti, *mьrčiti, *morčiti, Czech pršeti, Bulgarian ситен дъжд (siten dǎžd).

Noun

*dъ̀ždžь m

1. rain

Declension

Declension of *dъ̀ždžь (soft o-stem, accent paradigm b)

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*dъ̀ždžь	*dъždžà	*dъždžì
Accusative	*dъ̀ždžь	*dъždžà	*dъždžę̇̀
Genitive	*dъždžà	*dъždžù	*dъ̀ždžь
Locative	*dъždžì	*dъždžù	*dъ̀ždžixъ
Dative	*dъždžù	*dъždžèma	*dъ̀ždžemъ
Instrumental	*dъždžь̀mь, *dъždžèmь*	*dъždžèma	*dъ̀ždži
Vocative	*dъždžu	*dъždžà	*dъždžì

^* -ьmь in North Slavic, -emь in South Slavic.

See also

• *tъska
• *tuskъ
• *tǫča
• *liti
• *slota
• *kysnǫti, *kysiti, *kyša
• *moknǫti, *močiti, *moča
• *mokrъ, *mokriti
• *mъzgnǫti, *mъždžiti
• *mьlsti

Derived terms

• *dъždževica
• *dъždževъ
• *dъždževьnica
• *dъždževьnikъ
• *dъždžiti
• *dъždživъ
• *dъždžьnъ

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: дъждь (dŭždĭ), дождь (doždĭ), дъждъ (dŭždŭ), дъжчь (dŭžčĭ), дожчь (dožčĭ), дъжгь (dŭžgĭ), дъжгъ (dŭžgŭ), дожгъ (dožgŭ), дожжь (dožžĭ), дожь (dožĭ)
    • Old Ruthenian: дожджъ (doždž)
      • Belarusian: до́ждж (dóždž)
      • Rusyn: дождь (doždʹ), додж (dodž)
      • Ukrainian: дощ (došč); дож (dož), дождж (doždž), дорщ (doršč), дищ (dyšč), дожьджь (dožʹdžʹ), дош (doš), дошь (došʹ) (dialectal)
    • Russian: дождь (doždʹ), дожж (dožž)
  • Old Novgorodian: дожгь (dožgĭ) (Old Pskovian)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Old Cyrillic: дъждь (dŭždĭ)

    Glagolitic: ⰴⱏⰶⰴⱐ (dŭždĭ)

  • Bulgarian: дъжд (dǎžd)
  • Macedonian: дожд (dožd)
  • Serbo-Croatian: (archaic)

    Cyrillic (Dubrovnik): да̏жд

    Latin (Dubrovnik): dȁžd

    • Chakavian (Prčanj): dȁžd
    • Chakavian (Vrgada): dȁž
    • Chakavian (Orbanići): dãš
    • Kajkavian: dežđ
  • Slovene: də̏ž (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: déšč
    • Czech: déšť, dešť
  • Kashubian: deszcz
  • Polabian: dåzd
  • Old Polish: deżdż
    • Polish: deszcz
  • Silesian: dyszcz
  • Slovak: dážď
  • Slovincian: dẽi̯šč
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: dešć
    • Lower Sorbian: dešć

Further reading

• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1978), “*dъždžь”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), volume 5 (*dělo – *dьržьlь), Moscow: Nauka, page 195
• Anikin, A. E. (2020), “дождь”, in Русский этимологический словарь [Russian Etymological Dictionary] (in Russian), issue 14 (дигнитарь – дрощи), Moscow: Nestor-Historia, →ISBN, page 122
• Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1985), “дощ”, in Етимологічний словник української мови: у 7 т. [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 7 vols] (in Ukrainian), volume 2 (Д – Копці), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, page 117
• Rudnyc'kyj, Jaroslav B. (1982), “дощ”, in An Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language (in English), volume 2: Д – Ь, Ottawa: Ukr. Mohylo-Mazepian Acad. of Sciences & Ukr. Lang. Assoc., page 188
• Martynaŭ, V. U., editor (1985), “до́ждж”, in Этымалагічны слоўнік беларускай мовы [Etymological Dictionary of the Belarusian Language] (in Belarusian), volume 3 (га! – інчэ́), Minsk: Navuka i technika, page 140
• Chernykh, Pavel (1999), “дождь”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 1, 3rd reprint edition, Moscow: Russian Language, page 256
• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “дождь”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), translated from German and supplemented by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
• Brückner, Aleksander (1927), “deszcz”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish), Warsaw: Wiedza Powszechna, published 1985
• Berneker, Erich (1908–1913), “dъždžь”, in Slavisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter's Universitätsbuchhandlung, page 248
• В. В. Мартынов (1981), “Балто-славяно-иранские языковые отношения и глоттогенез славян. bur’a – dъždžь 'непогода'.”, in Балто-славянские исследования. 1980., Moscow: Nauka, page 20
• Журавлев, А. Ф. (2000), “Наивная этимология и "кабинетная мифология" (Из наблюдений над мифологизмом А.Н. Афанасьева)”, in Этимология 1997‒1999, Moscow, page 53