Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/dьrvьňa
Proto-Slavic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From a not directly retained *dьrva + *-ьňa inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *dirˀwāˀ kept by Latvian dìrva, Lithuanian dirvà (“arable land, field”), further derived from Proto-Indo-European *dérH-uh₂ ~ *dr̥H-wéh₂, from the root Proto-Indo-European *derH- (“to tear, crack”), to which also Sanskrit दूर्वा (dū́rvā, “panic grass”), Proto-West Germanic *taru (“wheat”), Welsh drewg (“darnel”) are put.
For the meaning development from “field” to “village” typologically compare the attested development, without collectivizing suffix *-ьňa making the derivation more straightforward, of Ge'ez ፂኦት (ṣ́iʾot, “low grounds, pasture”, its only meanings) into Arabic ضَيْعَة (ḍayʕa, “pasture; village, hamlet”) and in the end Galician aldea (“village”), Spanish aldea (“village”), Portuguese aldeia (“village”). The reverse shift, the designation of a village from enclosed space instead of from a wide space, is equally known in the languages of the world: Proto-Turkic *āgïl means originally a “pen, fold for cattle”, so usual in Anatolian Turkic, but gives the word for village, aul, in Central Asian Turkic, see it for its descendants. Similarly Proto-Slavic *gordъ (“town”) derives from Proto-Balto-Slavic *gardas (“enclosure”).
Noun
[edit]*dьrvьňa f[1]
- ploughed field, arable land (after trees were cut) (the original sense, unless the suffigation directly gave the next sense)
- a peasant's khutor with a plot of land; settlement, village
Inflection
[edit]singular | dual | plural | |
---|---|---|---|
nominative | *dьrvьňa | *dьrvьňi | *dьrvьňę̇ |
genitive | *dьrvьňę̇ | *dьrvьňu | *dьrvьňь |
dative | *dьrvьňi | *dьrvьňama | *dьrvьňamъ |
accusative | *dьrvьňǫ | *dьrvьňi | *dьrvьňę̇ |
instrumental | *dьrvьňejǫ, *dьrvьňǫ** | *dьrvьňama | *dьrvьňami |
locative | *dьrvьňi | *dьrvьňu | *dьrvьňasъ, *dьrvьňaxъ* |
vocative | *dьrvьňe | *dьrvьňi | *dьrvьňę̇ |
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Related terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: деревьнꙗ (derevĭnja), деревнѧ (derevnę), дрв҃нꙗ (drv:nja), деревнꙗ (derevnja)
- ⇒ Old East Slavic: деревнꙗ (derevnja)
- Old Ruthenian: дере́внꙗ (derévnja, “village; lumber, timber”)
- Russian: дере́вня (derévnja, “village”), дерёвня (derjóvnja) — dialectal or slang
- → Polish: derewnia (“village”)
- ⇒ Old East Slavic: деревеньскъ (derevenĭskŭ)
- ⇒ Old East Slavic: деревенька (derevenĭka)
- ⇒ Old East Slavic: деревнꙗ (derevnja)
- Old East Slavic: деревьнꙗ (derevĭnja), деревнѧ (derevnę), дрв҃нꙗ (drv:nja), деревнꙗ (derevnja)
Further reading
[edit]- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “дере́вня”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
References
[edit]- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*dьrvьņa”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 136: “f. jā ‘field’”
- Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Proto-Slavic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *der-
- Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-ьňa
- Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Proto-Slavic lemmas
- Proto-Slavic nouns
- Proto-Slavic feminine nouns
- Proto-Slavic soft a-stem nouns
- sla-pro:Agriculture
- sla-pro:Polities