Template:ru-derived verbs

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jump to navigation Jump to search
The following documentation is located at Template:ru-derived verbs/documentation. [edit]
Useful links: subpage list • links • redirects • transclusions • errors (parser/module) • sandbox

This template is used to generate a table of Russian verbs derived from a given base verb. The following is an example, for есть (jestʹ, “to eat”): 

{{ru-derived verbs
|-/еда́ть<q:iterative>
|-
|*е́сть/еда́ть
|за
|на
|пере
|надо
|поднадо-/-
|недо
|по-/-
|-/по-
|про
|объ
|надъ
|подъ
|разъ
|изъ
|съ
|отъ
|у
|вы́
|*е́сться/еда́ться
|за
|на
|при
|про
|объ
|въ
|разъ
|взъ
|отъ
}}

This produces the following:

verbs

This shows the basic structure:

  1. In the most basic use, a slash separates corresponding aspectually paired derived verbs, normally inputted and displayed in the order perfective, imperfective. (Use |impf_first=1 to switch this and cause both the input and display to put imperfective before perfective.) To include multiple (normally synonymous) verbs for a given aspect, separate them with commas. Use a hyphen by itself to indicate that there is no verb for that aspect. Here the first line -/еда́ть<q:iterative> specifies an aspect pair where the imperfective is еда́ть (jedátʹ) and the corresponding perfective is missing. (The spec <q:iterative> is an inline modifier; see below.)
  2. If a line is preceded by *, the verbs on that line specify a suffix template. This line is not displayed, but establishes a set of suffixes to be added to later-specified prefixes. In this case, for example, *е́сть/еда́ть specifies a suffix template consisting of perfective -е́сть (-éstʹ) and imperfective -еда́ть (-edátʹ).
  3. If a line has no slash or comma in it, it is a prefix, which is added to the most recently-established suffix template to form the aspect pair. Here, for example, за (za), пере (pere) and съ (s) respectively specify derived verbs зае́сть pf (zajéstʹ)/заеда́ть impf (zajedátʹ), перее́сть pf (perejéstʹ)/перееда́ть impf (perejedátʹ) and съесть pf (sʺjestʹ)/съеда́ть impf (sʺjedátʹ) (accents on monosyllabic verbs like съесть (sʺjestʹ) are automatically removed).
  4. If a prefix has an accent on it, as with вы́ (vý) here, it is handled specially. In the perfective, the accent on the prefix remains and any accent on the suffix is removed, while in the imperfective, the opposite happens. Here, this produces the aspectual pair вы́есть pf (výjestʹ)/выеда́ть impf (vyjedátʹ). This is consistent with the normal handling of the вы́- (vý-) prefix in Russian (along with related prefixes such as повы́- (pový-), перевы́- (perevý-) and недовы́- (nedový-)). Occasional exceptions such as вы́глядеть impf (výgljadetʹ) should be spelled out in full.
  5. If a line with a slash in it has a verb ending in a hyphen, that verb is treated as a prefix and added to the suffix in the corresponding position for the most recently specified suffix template. Here, for example, the line по-/- expands to пое́сть/- based on the previously specified suffix template *е́сть/еда́ть, which translates to an aspectual pair with perfective пое́сть (pojéstʹ) and no imperfective. (Similarly, -/по- translates to an aspectual pair with imperfective поеда́ть (pojedátʹ) and no perfective.)
  6. Normally, all specified paired verbs are automatically sorted lexicographically, ignoring accents. However, a line consisting of a hyphen by itself delineates sorting groups; sorting only happens within a group. In this case, the second line being a bare hyphen causes the first line -/еда́ть<q:iterative> to be treated as a sorting group by itself and sorted before all other verbs.
  7. Any verb (including prefixes and suffixes) can be followed by one or more inline modifiers. These use the same syntax as in {{col}} and variants; {{alter}}/{{alt}}; {{syn}}/{{ant}}/etc.; and several other classes of templates. The basic format of an inline modifier is <PROP:VALUE> where PROP specifies a property to attach to the verb and VALUE is the corersponding value. The recognized properties are as follows:
    • q (a qualifier preceding the verb);
    • qq (a qualifier following the verb);
    • g (one or more comma-separated "genders"; here, they should be pf or impf to override the aspect; use <g:pf,impf> to specify a biaspectual derived verb such as жени́ться (ženítʹsja) and опро́бовать (opróbovatʹ));
    • t or gloss (a gloss);
    • pos (a part of speech, as in the |pos= parameter to {{link}}/{{l}});
    • tr (override the auto-generated transliteration);
    • ts (specify a transcription, as in the |ts= parameter to {{link}}/{{l}}; provided for completeness but makes no sense for Russian);
    • lit (literal meaning);
    • id (sense ID, as in the |id= parameter to {{link}}/{{l}}).

Another example, for ять (jatʹ, “to take”), is as follows: 

{{ru-derived verbs
|-нять/-нима́ть
|-
|*я́ть/има́ть
|воспри
|предпри
|при
|*ъя́ть/ыма́ть
|из
|об
|от
|под
|припод
|раз
|*ъя́ться/ыма́ться
|из
|под
|припод
|раз
|взять/взима́ть,взыма́ть
|взя́ться/взима́ться,взыма́ться
|-/неима́ть
|нея́ть/-
|пойма́ть/[лови́ть]
}}

This produces the following:

verbs

This shows a couple more issues of note:

  1. Suffixes beginning with a hyphen are not treated specially. Here, the line -ня́ть/-нима́ть specifies an aspectual pair consisting of combining forms -ня́ть pf (-njátʹ)/-нима́ть impf (-nimátʹ). These forms do not exist as separate verbs but have lemma entries in Wiktionary because they form the base of several derived verbs such as подня́ть pf (podnjátʹ)/поднима́ть impf (podnimátʹ, “to raise, to lift”).
  2. Brackets can be placed around a verb, as here with лови́ть (lovítʹ). These brackets will be carried through to the output and the verb inside will be linked appropriately. It is suggested to use brackets to denote either (a) suppletive verbs not derived from the base verb but forming part of an aspect pair (as here with пойма́ть pf (pojmátʹ)/лови́ть impf (lovítʹ) as well as various other cases such as сказа́ть pf (skazátʹ)/говори́ть impf (govorítʹ) and сесть pf (sestʹ)/сади́ться (sadítʹsja)); or (b) mentions of the base verb itself (e.g. for дать (datʹ) with corresponding derived imperfective дава́ть (davátʹ)). Brackets can be combined with inline modifiers; in such a case, the brackets go only around the verb itself, not including the inline modifiers.

Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Template:ru-derived_verbs&oldid=79053884"