ald

See also: Ald., áld, âld, and åld.

Translingual

Symbol

ald

(international standards) ISO 639-3 language code for Alladian.

Gothic

Romanization

ald

romanization of 𐌰𐌻𐌳

Ludian

Alternative forms

aldo (Pühärv, Suavan Priäž)

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *alto, borrowed from North Germanic. Cognates include Finnish aalto, Veps ald, Livvi aldo.

Noun

ald

wave
Aldod läikütah merelpiä.
Waves are splashing from the sea.

Declension

Declension of ald (type 4b/lepik, no gradation)
	singular	plural
nominative	ald	aldod
genitive	aldon	aldoiden
partitive	aldod	aldoid
essive	aldon	aldoin
instructive	—	aldoin
inessive	aldos	aldoiš
elative	aldospiä	aldoišpiä
illative	aldoh	aldoihe
adessive	aldol	aldoil
ablative	aldolpiä	aldoilpiä
allative	aldole	aldoile
abessive	aldota	aldoita
prolative	aldoči	aldoiči
translative	aldoks	aldoikš
additive	aldohpiä	aldoihepiä
^) the accusative* corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl)

References

M. Pahomov (2022), “ald”, in Lüüdi-venän, venä-lüüdin sanakirdʹ‎^[1], Helsinki: Lüüdilaine Siebr, →ISBN, page 15
Miikul Pahomov, Lid'a Potašova (2003), “ald”, in ABC-kird': Kujärven lüüdin kielel, page 129
Juho Kujola (1944), “aлdo”, in Lyydiläismurteiden sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 8

Middle English

Adjective

ald

alternative form of old

Old English

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *ald, from Proto-Germanic *aldaz (“grown-up”), originally a participle form of *alaną (“to grow up”), corresponding to Latin altus.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɑld/, [ɑɫd]

Adjective

ald (comparative ældra, superlative ældest) (Anglian)

alternative form of eald

Declension

Declension of ald — Strong

Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	ald	ald	ald
Accusative	aldne	alde	ald
Genitive	aldes	aldre	aldes
Dative	aldum	aldre	aldum
Instrumental	alde	aldre	alde
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	alde	alda, alde	ald
Accusative	alde	alda, alde	ald
Genitive	aldra	aldra	aldra
Dative	aldum	aldum	aldum
Instrumental	aldum	aldum	aldum

Declension of ald — Weak

Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	alda	alde	alde
Accusative	aldan	aldan	alde
Genitive	aldan	aldan	aldan
Dative	aldan	aldan	aldan
Instrumental	aldan	aldan	aldan
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	aldan	aldan	aldan
Accusative	aldan	aldan	aldan
Genitive	aldra, aldena	aldra, aldena	aldra, aldena
Dative	aldum	aldum	aldum
Instrumental	aldum	aldum	aldum

Descendants

English: old

Old Frisian

Alternative forms

old, aud, auld, al, ol

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *aldaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eltós, a suffixed form of *h₂el- (“grow, nourish”).

Adjective

ald

old

Declension

Declension of ald — Strong

Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	ald	ald, alde	ald
Accusative	aldene, aldne	alde	ald
Genitive	aldes	aldere, aldre	aldes
Dative	alde	aldere, aldre	alde
Plural
Nominative		alde
Accusative		alde
Genitive		aldera, aldra
Dative		alde

Declension of ald — Weak

Descendants

North Frisian:
Föhr-Amrum, Sylt: ual

Goesharde: uul

Heligoland: ool

Mooring: üülj

Wiedingharde: uuil
Saterland Frisian: oold
West Frisian: âld

Old Saxon

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *ald.

Compare Old Frisian ald, Old English eald, ald, Old High German alt.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɑld/, /ɑlt/

Adjective

ald (comparative aldiro, superlative aldist)

old
aged, venerable

Declension

Declension of *ald*
Strong declension
	singular			plural
	masculine	neuter	feminine	masculine	neuter	feminine
nominative	ald	ald	ald	alde	aldu	alde
accusative	aldana	ald	alda	alde	aldu	alde
genitive	aldes	aldes	aldaro	aldarō	aldarō	aldarō
dative	aldumu	aldumu	aldaro	aldum	aldum	aldum

Weak declension
	singular			plural
	masculine	neuter	feminine	plural
nominative	aldo	alda	alda	aldu
accusative	aldun	alda	aldun	aldun
genitive	aldun	aldun	aldun	aldonō
dative	aldun	aldun	aldun	aldum

Comparative forms of *ald* (weak only)
	singular			plural
	masculine	neuter	feminine	plural
nominative	aldiro	aldira	aldira	aldiru
accusative	aldirun	aldira	aldirun	aldirun
genitive	aldirun	aldirun	aldirun	aldironō
dative	aldirun	aldirun	aldirun	aldirum

Superlative forms of *ald*
Strong declension
	singular			plural
	masculine	neuter	feminine	masculine	neuter	feminine
nominative	aldist	aldist	aldist	aldiste	aldiste	aldistu
accusative	aldistana	aldist	aldista	aldiste	aldiste	aldistu
genitive	aldistes	aldistes	aldistaro	aldistarō	aldistarō	aldistarō
dative	aldistumu	aldistumu	aldistaro	aldistum	aldistum	aldistum

Weak declension
	singular			plural
	masculine	neuter	feminine	plural
nominative	aldisto	aldista	aldista	aldistu
accusative	aldistun	aldista	aldistun	aldistun
genitive	aldistun	aldistun	aldistun	aldistonō
dative	aldistun	aldistun	aldistun	aldistum

Descendants

Middle Low German: olt, old
- Low German: old
  - German Low German: old, oold, ol, oll, olt, oolt
    - → German: oll
- Plautdietsch: oolt

References

Köbler, Gerhard (2014), Altsächsisches Wörterbuch‎^[2] (in German), 5th edition

Veps

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *alto, borrowed from North Germanic. Cognates include Finnish aalto.

Noun

ald

wave

Declension

Inflection of ald (inflection type 1/ilo)
nominative sing.	ald
genitive sing.	aldon
partitive sing.	aldod
partitive plur.	aldoid
	singular	plural
nominative	ald	aldod
accusative	aldon	aldod
genitive	aldon	aldoiden
partitive	aldod	aldoid
essive-instructive	aldon	aldoin
translative	aldoks	aldoikš

inessive	aldos	aldoiš
elative	aldospäi	aldoišpäi
illative	aldoho	aldoihe

adessive	aldol	aldoil
ablative	aldolpäi	aldoilpäi
allative	aldole	aldoile

abessive	aldota	aldoita
comitative	aldonke	aldoidenke
prolative	aldodme	aldoidme

approximative I	aldonno	aldoidenno
approximative II	aldonnoks	aldoidennoks
egressive	aldonnopäi	aldoidennopäi

terminative I	aldohosai	aldoihesai
terminative II	aldolesai	aldoilesai
terminative III	aldossai	—

additive I	aldohopäi	aldoihepäi
additive II	aldolepäi	aldoilepäi