Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/aldaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂eltós, from *h₂el- (“to grow, nourish”); equivalent to the old past participle of *alaną (“to grow”). Compare Latin altus (“tall, high”) with a similar origin.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɑl.dɑz/

Adjective

*aldaz (comparative *alþizô, superlative *alþistaz)

1. old, grown up

   Synonyms: *gamalaz, *senaz, *sinīgaz

Inflection

Declension of *aldaz (a-stem)

Strong declension
	singular				plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*aldaz	*aldō	*aldą, -atō		*aldai	*aldôz	*aldō
accusative	*aldanǭ	*aldǭ	*aldą, -atō		*aldanz	*aldōz	*aldō
genitive	*aldas, -is	*aldaizōz	*aldas, -is		*aldaizǫ̂	*aldaizǫ̂	*aldaizǫ̂
dative	*aldammai	*aldaizōi	*aldammai		*aldaimaz	*aldaimaz	*aldaimaz
instrumental	*aldanō	*aldaizō	*aldanō		*aldaimiz	*aldaimiz	*aldaimiz
Weak declension
	singular				plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*aldô	*aldǭ	*aldô		*aldaniz	*aldōniz	*aldōnō
accusative	*aldanų	*aldōnų	*aldô		*aldanunz	*aldōnunz	*aldōnō
genitive	*aldiniz	*aldōniz	*aldiniz		*aldanǫ̂	*aldōnǫ̂	*aldanǫ̂
dative	*aldini	*aldōni	*aldini		*aldammaz	*aldōmaz	*aldammaz
instrumental	*aldinē	*aldōnē	*aldinē		*aldammiz	*aldōmiz	*aldammiz

Derived terms

• *aldijaną
• *alþį̄

Related terms

• *alaną
• *aldiz
• *aldrą
• *aljaną
• *weraldiz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *ald
  • Old English: eald, ald — Anglian, eold, æld, eld
    • Middle English: old, eeld, eelde, eld, elde, holde, oold, olde, wolde, ald, awlde, eild (Northern), eald, yalde, yealde (Kent), yolde, yhold, yolle (Southwestern)
      • English: old (dialectal ole, ould, wold)

        Geordie: aad

      • Scots: aald, auld
      • Yola: yole, yold, yola, yolaw
  • Old Frisian: ald
    • North Frisian:

      Föhr-Amrum, Sylt: ual

      Goesharde: uul

      Heligoland: ool

      Mooring: üülj

      Wiedingharde: uuil

    • Saterland Frisian: oold
    • West Frisian: âld
  • Old Saxon: ald
    • Middle Low German: olt, old
      • Low German: old
        • German Low German: old, oold, ol, oll, olt, oolt
          • → German: oll
      • Plautdietsch: oolt
  • Old Dutch: alt, ald
    • Middle Dutch: out
      • Dutch: oud, (obsolete) oudt
        • Afrikaans: ou, oud
        • Berbice Creole Dutch: hau
        • Jersey Dutch: āud, āut
        • Negerhollands: oud, ouw, houw, hou
        • Skepi Creole Dutch: ou, oud
        • West Flemish: elde
      • Limburgish: aad
  • Old High German: alt, ald — northern
    • Middle High German: alt
      • Alemannic German: altu, oalt, oalts, olt, àltà (Italian Walser)
      • Bavarian: old

        Apeltonerisch: old

        Central Bavarian: oid /ɔed̥/

        Cimbrian: alt

        Mòcheno: òlt

        Northern Bavarian: old /ɔːld̥/

        Southern Bavarian: ålt /ɔltʰ/

        Udinese: olt, òlt

      • Central Franconian: alt

        Hunsrik: alt

        Kirchröadsj: aod, auw

        Luxembourgish: al

        Ripuarian: oot

      • German: alt
      • Rhine Franconian: alt, all

        Frankfurterisch: [ɑːl], [aːl]

        Pennsylvania German: alt

      • Vilamovian: aołd
      • Yiddish: אַלט (alt)
• Old Norse: aldinn
  • Icelandic: aldinn
• Gothic: 𐌰𐌻𐌸𐌴𐌹𐍃 (alþeis)
• Crimean Gothic: alt