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oud

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: oud- and Oud

English

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An oud (sense 1)
sense 2

Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Arabic عُود (ʕūd). Doublet of lute.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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oud (countable and uncountable, plural ouds)

  1. (music) A short-necked and fretless plucked stringed instrument of the lute family, of Arab and Turkish origin.
    Coordinate term: sintir
    • 2010, Randy Raine-Reusch, Play The World: The 101 Instrument Primer, Mel Bay Publications, →ISBN, page 22:
      Common throughout the Arab and Persian world, the oud is a fretless short-neck lute with a pear-shaped, flat top, rounded back, and a peghead characteristically bent backwards at a very sharp angle. The oud's origins are unknown, although myths attribute either celestial or magical beginnings, it more likely came from ancient Persia.
  2. (perfumery) Agarwood, in particular the noble rot of Aquilaria trees used to make perfumes.
    • 2010, Luca Turin, Tania Sanchez, “M7”, in Perfumes: The A–Z Guide, Profile Books, →ISBN, page 233:
      The recent fashion for oud (the noble rot of Aquilaria trees) took flight when YSL released M7, where the oud accord was center stage. It came with an advertising campaign featuring a hairy naked guy, a sight rated “beautiful” by my co-author. Real oud is complex material, with honey, tobacco, leaf, minty-fresh and castoreum animalic notes all mixed together.

Derived terms

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Translations

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See also

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Further reading

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Anagrams

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Afrikaans

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Hierdie klein katjie is net ses weke oud. (sense 4)

Etymology

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From Dutch oud, from Middle Dutch out, from Old Dutch alt, from Proto-Germanic *aldaz, from Proto-Indo-European *altós, *h₂eltós, from *h₂el- (grow, nourish).

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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oud (attributive ou, comparative ouer, superlative oudste, intensive beenoud or horingoud or oeroud or stokhoringoud or stokoud)

  1. old, aged (having existed for a long time)
    Synonyms: afgeleef, bedaag, bejaard, gevorderd, gewese, grys, hoogbejaard, kinds, ouerig, seniel, senior, verrimpel
    Antonyms: jonk, nuut
  2. old, ancient, former (having previously existed)
    Synonyms: afgeloop, afgetree, aloue, anakronisties, antiek, antikwaries, argaïes, argaïsties, beleë, gewese, halfslyt, herfsagtig, konvensioneel, laas, laaslede, laaste, oeragtig, oeroud, onheuglik, onlangs, onoorspronklik, ouderwets, oudmodies, ouerig, outyds, ouwêrelds, paleolities, prehistories, regressief, resent, toenmalig, uitgedien, uitgegroei, verbygaan, vergaan, vergange, verlede, verouderd, verstreke, verstryk, vorig, voorhistories, voormalig, voorverlede, voorwêreldlik, vroeër, vroeër bestaande, vroeg
    Antonyms: direk, hedendaags, huidig, paraat, nuut, onmiddellik, oombliklik, restreeks, summier, teenswoordig, vars
    Hy glo in die ou gode.He believes in the old gods.
  3. used (e.g. of a car, phone, sword, etc.)
    Synonyms: gebruik, geslyt, halfslyt, tweedehands
    Antonym: nuut
  4. of a certain age
    Hy's vyftien jaar oud.He's fifteen years old.
  5. (usually of bread) stale
    Synonyms: bedorwe, bedrompig, benoud, besoedel, galsterig, garstig, muf, onfris, onsuiwer, onsmaaklik, sterk, suur, vermuf, vrot
    Antonyms: fris, vars

Usage notes

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Sense 2 is never used predicatively.

Sense 4 follows standard numbering (e.g. een week oud, twee weke oud) with all nouns except jaar, which is always used in the singular (e.g. twee jaar oud).

Inflection

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Inflection of oud
  predicative attributive independent partitive
singular plural
positive oud ou oue oues ouds
comparative ouer ouere oueres ouers
superlative oudste oudstes

Derived terms

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Nouns
Adjectives
Adverbs
Prefixes
Phrases

References

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Czech

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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oud m inan (diminutive oudek)

  1. (archaic) alternative form of úd

Declension

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This noun needs an inflection-table template.

Further reading

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Dutch

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Middle Dutch out, from Old Dutch alt, from Proto-West Germanic *ald, from Proto-Germanic *aldaz, from Proto-Indo-European *altós, *h₂eltós, from *h₂el- (grow, nourish).

Compare German alt, West Frisian âld, Low German old, English old.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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oud (comparative ouder, superlative oudst)

  1. old (having existed for a relatively long period of time)
    Antonym: jong
    De oude man en de zee.The Old Man and the Sea.
  2. old (of an earlier time)
    Antonym: nieuw
  3. (of bread) stale

Declension

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Declension of oud
uninflected oud
inflected oude
comparative ouder
positive comparative superlative
predicative/adverbial oud ouder het oudst
het oudste
indefinite m./f. sing. oude oudere oudste
n. sing. oud ouder oudste
plural oude oudere oudste
definite oude oudere oudste
partitive ouds ouders

Next to the regular form oude, the form ouwe is also used informally.

Derived terms

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Descendants

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  • Afrikaans: ou, oud
  • Berbice Creole Dutch: hau
  • Jersey Dutch: āud, āut
  • Negerhollands: oud, ouw, houw, hou
  • Skepi Creole Dutch: ou, oud
  • West Flemish: elde

Anagrams

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Portuguese

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Noun

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oud m (plural ouds)

  1. alternative spelling of ud

Spanish

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Borrowed from French oud, itself from Arabic عُود (ʕūd). Doublet of laúd.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈoud/ [ˈou̯ð̞]
  • Rhymes: -oud
  • Syllabification: oud

Noun

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oud m (plural oudes)

  1. (music, historical) oud [from late-19th c.]

Further reading

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  • oud”, in Diccionario histórico de la lengua española [Historical Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], launched 2013, →ISSN