oud
English
[edit]
Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Arabic عُود (ʕūd). Doublet of lute.
Pronunciation
[edit]- IPA(key): /uːd/
Audio (Southern England): (file) - Rhymes: -uːd
Noun
[edit]oud (countable and uncountable, plural ouds)
- (music) A short-necked and fretless plucked stringed instrument of the lute family, of Arab and Turkish origin.
- Coordinate term: sintir
- 2010, Randy Raine-Reusch, Play The World: The 101 Instrument Primer, Mel Bay Publications, →ISBN, page 22:
- Common throughout the Arab and Persian world, the oud is a fretless short-neck lute with a pear-shaped, flat top, rounded back, and a peghead characteristically bent backwards at a very sharp angle. The oud's origins are unknown, although myths attribute either celestial or magical beginnings, it more likely came from ancient Persia.
- (perfumery) Agarwood, in particular the noble rot of Aquilaria trees used to make perfumes.
- 2010, Luca Turin, Tania Sanchez, “M7”, in Perfumes: The A–Z Guide, Profile Books, →ISBN, page 233:
- The recent fashion for oud (the noble rot of Aquilaria trees) took flight when YSL released M7, where the oud accord was center stage. It came with an advertising campaign featuring a hairy naked guy, a sight rated “beautiful” by my co-author. Real oud is complex material, with honey, tobacco, leaf, minty-fresh and castoreum animalic notes all mixed together.
Derived terms
[edit]Translations
[edit]
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See also
[edit]Further reading
[edit]
oud on Wikipedia.Wikipedia - 2010. Ottoman Medicine: Healing and Medical Institutions, 1500-1700. Miri Shefer-Mossensohn. Pg. 73.
Anagrams
[edit]Afrikaans
[edit]
Etymology
[edit]From Dutch oud, from Middle Dutch out, from Old Dutch alt, from Proto-Germanic *aldaz, from Proto-Indo-European *altós, *h₂eltós, from *h₂el- (“grow, nourish”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]oud (attributive ou, comparative ouer, superlative oudste, intensive beenoud or horingoud or oeroud or stokhoringoud or stokoud)
- old, aged (having existed for a long time)
- Synonyms: afgeleef, bedaag, bejaard, gevorderd, gewese, grys, hoogbejaard, kinds, ouerig, seniel, senior, verrimpel
- Antonyms: jonk, nuut
- 1920, C. M. Drennan, Cockney Engels en Kombuis Hollands[1], page 23:
- Hij moet onthou dat Afrikaans, alhoewel soms so oud soos die akker, onlangs maar als ’n jonge eikeboom voor die dag gekom het; en dat Afrikaans, als dit net dir regte aanmoediging krij, ook ’n skone en heerlike literariese toekoms kan belewe.
- He must remember that Afrikaans, although sometimes as old as the acre, has only recently emerged as a young oak tree; and that Afrikaans, if it only receives the right encouragement, can also experience a beautiful and glorious literary future.
- 1990, Kaapse Bibliotekaris:
- Maar dan besluit sy ouers dat hy oud genoeg is om alleen te gaan bad en Abbei berei sy bad net reg voor en neem al sy geliefde speelgoed saam om ook die bad te geniet.
- But then his parents decide that he is old enough to take a bath on his own and Abbei prepares his bath just right and takes all his beloved toys with him to enjoy the bath too.
- old, ancient, former (having previously existed)
- Synonyms: afgeloop, afgetree, aloue, anakronisties, antiek, antikwaries, argaïes, argaïsties, beleë, gewese, halfslyt, herfsagtig, konvensioneel, laas, laaslede, laaste, oeragtig, oeroud, onheuglik, onlangs, onoorspronklik, ouderwets, oudmodies, ouerig, outyds, ouwêrelds, paleolities, prehistories, regressief, resent, toenmalig, uitgedien, uitgegroei, verbygaan, vergaan, vergange, verlede, verouderd, verstreke, verstryk, vorig, voorhistories, voormalig, voorverlede, voorwêreldlik, vroeër, vroeër bestaande, vroeg
- Antonyms: direk, hedendaags, huidig, paraat, nuut, onmiddellik, oombliklik, restreeks, summier, teenswoordig, vars
- Hy glo in die ou gode. ― He believes in the old gods.
- used (e.g. of a car, phone, sword, etc.)
- Synonyms: gebruik, geslyt, halfslyt, tweedehands
- Antonym: nuut
- of a certain age
- 2016 June 20, Hans Heese, Amsterdam Tot Zeeland[5], →ISBN, page 123:
- Nog twee geskoolde slawe wat met vrug uitverhuur kon word, was die twee messelaars, Marcus van Boegies en Adrette van Bengale, onderskeidelik 57 en 62 jaar oud.
- Two more skilled slaves who could be rented out profitably were the two masons, Marcus van Boegies and Adrette van Bengale, 57 and 62 years old respectively.
- (usually of bread) stale
- Synonyms: bedorwe, bedrompig, benoud, besoedel, galsterig, garstig, muf, onfris, onsuiwer, onsmaaklik, sterk, suur, vermuf, vrot
- Antonyms: fris, vars
- 2003, Judith de Beer, “Rook, Swael en Damp…”, in Nuutste Openbaringe Van Judith de Beer[6]:
- Vanuit globale wêreldgeloofstrukture styg daar rook, swael en damp en oraloor is dit pikdonker aand en kyk, daar is geen oorlewings-olie in die dwase maagde se sterwende lamp terwyl hulle harte in vrees wegkramp, want satan self staan as die kerke se hoogste outoriteit in die pouslike amp en die nagmaal brood is oud en gemuf en die wyn is verslaan, laf, suur en frank en niemand weet so mooi waarom hulle nou eintlik die wêreldorde vir die ‘vooruitgang’ is ‘n ondergaande planeet moet bedank.
- From global world faith structures smoke, brimstone and vapor rise and everywhere it is pitch black night and look, there is no survival oil in the dying lamp of the foolish virgins while their hearts shrink away in fear, because Satan himself stands as the churches' highest authority in the papal office and the communion bread is stale and moldy and the wine is defeated, cowardly, sour and frank and no one knows quite why they actually have to thank the world order for the 'progress' of a sinking planet.
- 2021 April 8, Mauricia Petersen, “‘Ou brood’ ontstel antie”, in Son[7]:
Usage notes
[edit]Sense 2 is never used predicatively.
Sense 4 follows standard numbering (e.g. een week oud, twee weke oud) with all nouns except jaar, which is always used in the singular (e.g. twee jaar oud).
Inflection
[edit]| predicative | attributive | independent | partitive | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | ||||
| positive | oud | ou | oue | oues | ouds |
| comparative | ouer | ouere | oueres | ouers | |
| superlative | oudste | oudstes | — | ||
Derived terms
[edit]- ou (“guy”)
- outjie (“chap”)
- ouballie (“old man”)
- ouboeja (“grandfather”)
- Oud-Kastilië (“Old Castile”)
- oud-Katoliek (“old-Catholic”)
- Oud-Oos-Slawies (“Old-East-Slavic”)
- oud-Tukkie (“ex-Tukkie”)
- Oud-Wes-Nederfrankies (“Old West Low Franconian”)
- oudamptenaar (“ex-official”)
- oudbrood (“stale bread”)
- oudburgemeester (“ex-mayor”)
- Oudduits (“Old German”)
- Oudengels (“Old English”)
- ouderdom (“age”)
- ouderdomisme (“ageism”)
- ouderdomsbepaling (“age determination”)
- ouderdomsbysiendheid (“age-related myopia”)
- ouderdomsdiskriminasie (“age discrimination”)
- ouderdomsgrens (“age limit”)
- oudering (“ageing”)
- ouderwetsheid (“old-fashioned-ness”)
- Oudfrankies (“Old Frankish”)
- Oudfries (“Old Frisian”)
- oudgediende (“ex-serviceman”)
- Oudgermaans (“old-Germanic”)
- oudgevangene (“ex-convict”)
- Oudgrieks (“Ancient Greek”)
- oudheid (“age”)
- Oudhollands (“Old Dutch”)
- Oudhoogduits (“Old High German”)
- oudkommandant (“ex-commandant”)
- oudleerling (“alumnus”)
- oudleerlingbaadjie (“alumni's blazer”)
- oudleerlingdas (“alumni's tie”)
- oudleerlingebond (“alumni association”)
- oudmeester (“old master”)
- oudmodiesheid (“old-fashioned-ness”)
- Oudnederfrankies (“Old Low Franconian”)
- Oudnederlands (“Old Dutch”)
- Oudnoors (“Old Norse”)
- oudoffisier (“ex-officer”)
- oudoom (“great-uncle”)
- oudpresident (“ex-president”)
- Oudpruisies (“Old Prussian”)
- Oudrussies (“Old Russian”)
- Oudsaksies (“Old Saxon”)
- oudsoldaat (“ex-soldier”)
- oudstryder (“veteran”)
- oudstrydersbond (“former fighters' association”)
- oudstudent (“alumnus”)
- oudstudente-unie (“alumni's association”)
- oudtante (“great-aunt”)
- oudtyds (“old time's”)
- oudvoorsitster (“ex-chairwoman”)
- oudvoorsitter (“ex-chairman”)
- Oudyslands (“Old Icelandic”)
- ouer (“parent”)
- ouerskaamte (“parental shame”)
- ouerig (“elderly”)
- verouderdheid (“obsolescence”)
- beenoud (intensive form of oud)
- dagoud (“day-old”)
- eeueoud (“centuries-old”)
- horingoud (intensive form of oud)
- jaaroud (“year-old”)
- driejaaroud (“three-year-old”)
- eenjaaroud (“one-year-old”)
- tweejaaroud (“two-year-old”)
- oeroud (intensive form of oud)
- oud-Katoliek (“old-Catholic”)
- Oud-Oos-Slawies (“Old-East-Slavic”)
- Oud-Wes-Nederfrankies (“Old West Low Franconian”)
- Oudduits (“Old German”)
- Oudengels (“Old English”)
- Oudfrankies (“Old Frankish”)
- Oudfries (“Old Frisian”)
- Oudgermaans (“old-Germanic”)
- Oudgrieks (“Ancient Greek”)
- Oudhollands (“Old Dutch”)
- Oudhoogduits (“Old High German”)
- oudmodies (“old-fashioned”)
- Oudnederfrankies (“Old Low Franconian”)
- Oudnederlands (“Old Dutch”)
- Oudnoors (“Old Norse”)
- Oudpruisies (“Old Prussian”)
- Oudrussies (“Old Russian”)
- Oudsaksies (“Old Saxon”)
- Oudyslands (“Old Icelandic”)
- ouskool (“old-school”)
- speenoud (“young”)
- stokhoringoud (intensive form of oud)
- stokoud (intensive form of oud)
- veroud (“outdated”)
- verouderd (“outdated”)
- van ouds (“always”)
- oud- (“ex-”)
- al taamlik oud (“quite old”)
- as die duiwel oud word, gaan hy onder die preekstoel sit (“when the devil gets old, he goes to sit under the pulpit”)
- ek is so oud soos my hande, maar nie so oud soos my tande (a joking phrase to question someone's age)
- ewe oud wees (“to be the same age”)
- jonk van jare, maar oud van dae (“young of years, but old of days”)
- 'n mens word nooit te oud om te leer nie (“there's life in the old dog yet”)
- 'n ou bok lus nog groen blare (“an old goat still craves green leaves”)
- 'n ou bok lus nog jong blare (“an old goat still craves new leaves”)
- 'n ou boom word nie maklik verplant nie (“an old tree is not easily transplanted”)
- 'n ou perd lus ook nog groenvoer (“an old horse still craves green fodder”)
- 'n ou viool kan ook nuwe liedjies speel (“an old violin can still play new songs”)
- ou bene haal (“to get old legs”)
- oud en jonk (“young and old”)
- oud voor jou tyd (“old for one's time”)
- oud, maar nog nie koud nie (“there's life in the old dog yet”)
- so oud lyk soos jy is (“to look as old as you are”)
- so oud soos die ark (“as old as [Noah's] arc”)
- so oud soos die berge (“as old as the mountains”)
- so oud soos die Kaapse wapad (“as old as the Cape's wagon road”)
- so oud soos die mensdom (“as old as humanity”)
- so oud soos die mensdom self (“as old as humanity itself”)
- so oud soos Metusalem (“as old as Methuselah”)
- te oud (“over-aged”)
- te oud om iets te doen (“too old for something”)
- te oud vir gebruik verklaar (“to declare too old for use”)
- te oud vir iets (“too old for something”)
- te oud vir werk verklaar (“to declare too old for work”)
- uit die ou doos (“from the old box”)
- wat jonk is, speel graag; wat oud is, neul graag (“what is young loves to play; what is old loves to whine”)
References
[edit]Czech
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]oud m inan (diminutive oudek)
Declension
[edit]This noun needs an inflection-table template.
Further reading
[edit]- “oud”, in Kartotéka Novočeského lexikálního archivu (in Czech)
- “oud”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
Dutch
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- (obsolete) oudt
Etymology
[edit]From Middle Dutch out, from Old Dutch alt, from Proto-West Germanic *ald, from Proto-Germanic *aldaz, from Proto-Indo-European *altós, *h₂eltós, from *h₂el- (“grow, nourish”).
Compare German alt, West Frisian âld, Low German old, English old.
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]oud (comparative ouder, superlative oudst)
- old (having existed for a relatively long period of time)
- Antonym: jong
- De oude man en de zee. ― The Old Man and the Sea.
- old (of an earlier time)
- Antonym: nieuw
- (of bread) stale
Declension
[edit]| Declension of oud | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| uninflected | oud | |||
| inflected | oude | |||
| comparative | ouder | |||
| positive | comparative | superlative | ||
| predicative/adverbial | oud | ouder | het oudst het oudste | |
| indefinite | m./f. sing. | oude | oudere | oudste |
| n. sing. | oud | ouder | oudste | |
| plural | oude | oudere | oudste | |
| definite | oude | oudere | oudste | |
| partitive | ouds | ouders | — | |
Next to the regular form oude, the form ouwe is also used informally.
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- Afrikaans: ou, oud
- Berbice Creole Dutch: hau
- Jersey Dutch: āud, āut
- Negerhollands: oud, ouw, houw, hou
- Skepi Creole Dutch: ou, oud
- West Flemish: elde
Anagrams
[edit]Portuguese
[edit]Noun
[edit]oud m (plural ouds)
- alternative spelling of ud
Spanish
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from French oud, itself from Arabic عُود (ʕūd). Doublet of laúd.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]oud m (plural oudes)
- (music, historical) oud [from late-19th c.]
Further reading
[edit]- “oud”, in Diccionario histórico de la lengua española [Historical Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], launched 2013, →ISSN
- English terms borrowed from Arabic
- English terms derived from Arabic
- English doublets
- English terms derived from the Arabic root ع و د
- English 1-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:English/uːd
- Rhymes:English/uːd/1 syllable
- English lemmas
- English nouns
- English uncountable nouns
- English countable nouns
- en:Musical instruments
- English terms with quotations
- en:Perfumery
- en:String instruments
- Afrikaans terms inherited from Dutch
- Afrikaans terms derived from Dutch
- Afrikaans terms inherited from Middle Dutch
- Afrikaans terms derived from Middle Dutch
- Afrikaans terms inherited from Old Dutch
- Afrikaans terms derived from Old Dutch
- Afrikaans terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Afrikaans terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Afrikaans terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Afrikaans terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Afrikaans terms with IPA pronunciation
- Afrikaans terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:Afrikaans/œʊ̯t
- Rhymes:Afrikaans/œʊ̯t/1 syllable
- Afrikaans lemmas
- Afrikaans adjectives
- Afrikaans terms with quotations
- Afrikaans terms with usage examples
- Czech terms with IPA pronunciation
- Czech lemmas
- Czech nouns
- Czech masculine nouns
- Czech inanimate nouns
- Czech terms with archaic senses
- cs:Body parts
- Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch
- Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch
- Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch
- Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch
- Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Dutch terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation
- Dutch terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:Dutch/ɑu̯t
- Rhymes:Dutch/ɑu̯t/1 syllable
- Dutch lemmas
- Dutch adjectives
- Dutch terms with usage examples
- Dutch autological terms
- nl:Age
- Portuguese lemmas
- Portuguese nouns
- Portuguese countable nouns
- Portuguese masculine nouns
- Spanish terms borrowed from French
- Spanish terms derived from French
- Spanish terms derived from Arabic
- Spanish doublets
- Spanish 1-syllable words
- Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Spanish/oud
- Rhymes:Spanish/oud/1 syllable
- Spanish lemmas
- Spanish nouns
- Spanish countable nouns
- Spanish masculine nouns
- es:String instruments
- Spanish terms with historical senses