ardre

French

Etymology

From Middle French ardre, from Old French ardre, a variant of ardoir (in this case from a Vulgar Latin form *ārdō, *ārdĕre, from a change in conjugation from Classical Latin ārdeō, ārdēre).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɑʁdʁ/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -waʁ

Verb

ardre

1. (archaic, transitive) to burn
2. (archaic, intransitive) to consume

Conjugation

Conjugation of ardre (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	ardre
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	ardant /aʁ.dɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		ardu /aʁ.dy/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	ards /aʁ/	ards /aʁ/	ard /aʁ/	ardons /aʁ.dɔ̃/	ardez /aʁ.de/	ardent /aʁd/
	imperfect	ardais /aʁ.dɛ/	ardais /aʁ.dɛ/	ardait /aʁ.dɛ/	ardions /aʁ.djɔ̃/	ardiez /aʁ.dje/	ardaient /aʁ.dɛ/
	past historic2	ardis /aʁ.di/	ardis /aʁ.di/	ardit /aʁ.di/	ardîmes /aʁ.dim/	ardîtes /aʁ.dit/	ardirent /aʁ.diʁ/
	future	ardrai /aʁ.dʁe/	ardras /aʁ.dʁa/	ardra /aʁ.dʁa/	ardrons /aʁ.dʁɔ̃/	ardrez /aʁ.dʁe/	ardront /aʁ.dʁɔ̃/
	conditional	ardrais /aʁ.dʁɛ/	ardrais /aʁ.dʁɛ/	ardrait /aʁ.dʁɛ/	ardrions /aʁ.dʁi.jɔ̃/	ardriez /aʁ.dʁi.je/	ardraient /aʁ.dʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	arde /aʁd/	ardes /aʁd/	arde /aʁd/	ardions /aʁ.djɔ̃/	ardiez /aʁ.dje/	ardent /aʁd/
	imperfect2	ardisse /aʁ.dis/	ardisses /aʁ.dis/	ardît /aʁ.di/	ardissions /aʁ.di.sjɔ̃/	ardissiez /aʁ.di.sje/	ardissent /aʁ.dis/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	ards /aʁ/	—	ardons /aʁ.dɔ̃/	ardez /aʁ.de/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Synonyms

• brûler

Related terms

• ardent
• ardeur
• arsis
• d’Arcy

Further reading

• “ardre”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

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Middle French

Alternative forms

• ardoir

Etymology

From Old French ardre.

Verb

ardre (past participle ars)

1. to burn

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Old French

Etymology

A variant of ardoir (in this case from a Vulgar Latin form *ārdō, *ārdĕre, from a change in conjugation from Classical Latin ārdeō, ārdēre).

Verb

ardre

1. alternative infinitive of ardoir

Conjugation

This verb conjugates as a third-group verb. This verb has irregularities in its conjugation. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.

    Conjugation of ardre (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)

		simple			compound
infinitive		ardre			avoir ars
gerund		en ardant			gerund of avoir + past participle
present participle		ardant
past participle		ars
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	il	nos	vos	il
simple tenses	present	art	arz	art	ardons	ardez	ardent
	imperfect	ardoie, ardeie	ardoies, ardeies	ardoit, ardeit	ardiiens, ardiens	ardiiez, ardiez	ardoient, ardeient
	preterite	ars	arsis	arst	arsimes	arsistes	arstrent
	future	ardrai	ardras	ardra	ardrons	ardroiz, ardreiz, ardrez	ardront
	conditional	ardroie, ardreie	ardroies, ardreies	ardroit, ardreit	ardriiens, ardriens	ardriiez, ardriez	ardroient, ardreient
compound tenses	present perfect	present tense of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect tense of avoir + past participle
	past anterior	preterite tense of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future tense of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional tense of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que jo	que tu	qu’il	que nos	que vos	qu’il
simple tenses	present	arde, arge	ardes, arges	arde, arge	ardons, argiens, arjons	ardez, argiez	ardent, argent
	imperfect	arsisse	arsisses	arsist	arsissons, arsissiens	arsissoiz, arsissez, arsissiez	arsissent
compound tenses	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nos	vos	–
		—	art	—	ardons	ardez	—

Descendants

• Middle French: ardre
  • French: ardre (archaic)