cáin
Irish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old Irish cáin (“law, rule, fine, tax, tribute”).[1] The verb is from Middle Irish cáinid (“revile, rail at, reproach”), from the noun.[2]
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]cáin f (genitive singular cánach or cána, nominative plural cánacha)
- (literary)
- law, rule, regulation, set of laws or rules or regulations
- due, tribute
- fine, penalty
- Synonym: fíneáil
- impost, tax, taxation
Declension
[edit]Standard inflection (fifth declension):
Alternative inflection (third declension):
Derived terms
[edit]- cáin ancaireachta (“anchorage”)
- cáin charbóin (“carbon tax”)
- cáin ioncaim (“income-tax”)
- cáinaisnéis (“(governmental) budget”)
- faoiseamh cánach
Verb
[edit]cáin (present analytic cáineann, future analytic cáinfidh, verbal noun cáineadh, past participle cáinte) (ambitransitive)
Conjugation
[edit]* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis
Alternative conjugation:
* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis
Mutation
[edit]radical | lenition | eclipsis |
---|---|---|
cáin | cháin | gcáin |
Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.
References
[edit]- ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “cáin”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “cáinid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- ^ Ó Searcaigh, Séamus (1925) Foghraidheacht Ghaedhilge an Tuaiscirt [Pronunciation of Northern Irish][1] (in Irish), Béal Feirste [Belfast]: Brún agus Ó Nualláin [Browne and Nolan], section 256, page 111
- ^ de Búrca, Seán (1958) The Irish of Tourmakeady, Co. Mayo: A Phonemic Study, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, →ISBN, section 185, page 36
- ^ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 263, page 93
- ^ Lucas, Leslie W. (1979) Grammar of Ros Goill Irish Co. Donegal (Studies in Irish Language and Literature, Department of Celtic, Q.U.B.; vol. 5), Institute of Irish Studies, The Queen’s University of Belfast, page 239
Further reading
[edit]- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “cáin”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
- Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904) “cáin”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 106
Old Irish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Celtic *ká(g)ni- (“tribute, law”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *keh₂/₃ǵ-n-, of uncertain relation to words like Latin conor (“to attempt”) and Macedonian кани (kani, “to invite”).[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]cáin f
Inflection
[edit]singular | dual | plural | |
---|---|---|---|
nominative | cáin | cáinL | cánaiH |
vocative | cáin | cáinL | cánaiH |
accusative | cáinN | cáinL | cánaiH |
genitive | cánoH, cánaH | cánoH, cánaH | cánaeN |
dative | cáinL | cánaib | cánaib |
- H = triggers aspiration
- L = triggers lenition
- N = triggers nasalization
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]Mutation
[edit]radical | lenition | nasalization |
---|---|---|
cáin | cháin | cáin pronounced with /ɡ(ʲ)-/ |
Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.
References
[edit]- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “kā(g)ni-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 183|
Further reading
[edit]- Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “cáin”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- Irish terms inherited from Old Irish
- Irish terms derived from Old Irish
- Irish terms inherited from Middle Irish
- Irish terms derived from Middle Irish
- Irish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Irish lemmas
- Irish nouns
- Irish feminine nouns
- Irish literary terms
- Irish fifth-declension nouns
- Irish third-declension nouns
- Irish verbs
- Irish transitive verbs
- Irish intransitive verbs
- Irish first-conjugation verbs of class A
- ga:Law
- ga:Taxation
- Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic
- Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic
- Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Irish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old Irish lemmas
- Old Irish nouns
- Old Irish feminine nouns
- Old Irish masculine or feminine i-stem nouns
- sga:Law
- sga:Taxation