candu

See also: can dự, cãndu, cándú, and cǎndú

Indonesian

Etymology

Inherited from Malay candu, from Hindi चंडू (caṇḍū), from Tamil சாந்து (cāntu, “mortar, plaster; powder”).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /ˈt͡ʃandu/ [ˈt͡ʃan.du]
• Rhymes: -andu
• Syllabification: can‧du

Noun

candu (plural candu-candu)

1. opium: a yellow-brown, addictive narcotic drug obtained from the dried juice of unripe pods of the opium poppy, Papaver somniferum, and containing alkaloids such as morphine, codeine, and papaverine
2. opium poppy: Papaver somniferum, the species of plant from which opium and poppy seeds are extracted
3. tar: a black, oily, sticky, viscous substance, consisting mainly of hydrocarbons derived from organic materials residual byproduct of tobacco smoke

   Synonym: tar

4. (figurative) hobby

   Synonym: kegemaran

Alternative forms

• tjandoe (1901–1947)

Synonyms

• apiun
• madat
• opium

Affixed terms

• kecanduan
• mencandu
• mencandui
• mencandukan
• pecandu
• pencandu
• percanduan

Further reading

• “candu”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016

Javanese

Romanization

candu

1. romanization of ꦕꦤ꧀ꦢꦸ

Malay

Etymology

Borrowed from Hindi चंडू (caṇḍū), from Tamil சாந்து (cāntu, “mortar, plaster; powder”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈt͡ʃandu/ [ˈt͡ʃan.du]
• Rhymes: -andu, -du, -u
• Hyphenation: can‧du

Noun

candu (Jawi spelling چندو, plural candu-candu or candu²)

1. opium (drug from opium poppy)

   Synonym: madat

Descendants

• > Indonesian: candu (inherited)
• → Javanese: ꦕꦤ꧀ꦢꦸ (candu, “opium”)
• → English: chandu

Further reading

• "candu" in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu (PRPM) [Malay Literary Reference Centre (PRPM)] (in Malay), Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017

Old Javanese

Etymology

From Tamil சாந்து (cāntu, “mortar, plaster; powder”). Compare to Javanese ꦕꦤ꧀ꦢꦸ (candu, “opium, tar”).

Noun

candu

1. a kind of unguent, a kind of dye.

Further reading

• "candu" in P.J. Zoetmulder with the collaboration of S.O. Robson, Old Javanese-English Dictionary. 's-Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff, 1982.

Sassarese

Alternative forms

• cand' (apocopic, found before a vowel sound)

Etymology

From Latin quandō (“when”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkandu/

Adverb

candu

1. (interrogative) when

   Candu ischumenza l'ippittàcuru? ― When does the show start?

   • 1866 [1770s], Antonio Martini, chapter XXIV, in Giovanni Spano, transl., L'ebagneliu sigundu S. Matteju [The Gospel according to St. Matthew]‎^[1], London, translation of Il santo Vangelo di Gesù Cristo secondo Matteo (in Italian), verse 3, page 96:

     Dizzi, candu hani a accadì chilti cosi?

     [Dizzi, candu hani a accadì chisthi cosi?]

     Tell us, when will these things happen?

Conjunction

candu

1. when

   Veni candu voi ― Come whenever you want (literally, “Come when you want”)

   • 1863, chapter VIII, in Giovanni Spano, transl., Lu càntiggu de li càntigghi di Salamoni [Solomon's Song of songs]‎^[2] (overall work in Italian and Sassarese), London, translation of Canticum canticorum, verse 10, page 19:

     Eju lu muru: e li me’ titti cumenti una torra, finza da candu denanz’a eddu sogg’eju comu chidda, ch’ha incuntraddu la pazi.

     [Éiu lu muru: e li me’ titti cumenti una torra, finza da candu denanz’a eddu sogg’éiu comu chidda, ch’ha incuntraddu la pazi.]

     I [am] a wall, and my breasts as towers, since when in front of him I am as one who has found peace.

   • 1956, Salvator Ruju, “Pascha d’amòri [Easter of love]”, in Agnireddu e Rusina; republished as Caterina Ruju, editor, Sassari véccia e nóba, Nuoro: Ilisso edizioni, 2001, →ISBN, page 75:

     Lassa i la pruzissïoni
     a mamma tóia arrasendi.
     Candu lu Cristhu è passendi
     cresci la mé passïoni.

     Leave your mother praying in the procession. When Christ passes, my passion grows.

   • 1989 [1934], Giovanni Maria Cherchi, Paràuri [Words], adaptation of Parole by Umberto Saba; collected in La poesia di l'althri, Sassari: Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, 1989, page 11:

     S’isciogliaristhia i lu matessi tempu
     lu muntoni trimendu di l’ammenti
     cument’e nèbi candu v’è lu sòri.

     [original: […] Insieme
     delle memorie spaventose il cumulo
     si scioglierebbe, come neve al sole.]

     At the same time, the dreadful heap of memories would melt like snow when the sun is there.

References

• Rubattu, Antoninu (2006), Dizionario universale della lingua di Sardegna, 2nd edition, Sassari: Edes