opium

See also: ópium, ópíum, and Opium

English

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin opium and Ancient Greek ὄπιον (ópion), from ὀπός (opós, “juice of a plant”), from Proto-Indo-European *sokʷos (“juice, resin”).

Pronunciation

• (General American) IPA^(key): /ˈoʊ.pi.əm/
• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ˈəʊ.pi.əm/
• Rhymes: -əʊpiəm

• Audio (Southern England)

  (file)

Noun

opium (countable and uncountable, plural opiums or opia)

1. (uncountable) A yellow-brown, addictive narcotic drug obtained from the dried juice of unripe pods of the opium poppy, Papaver somniferum, and containing alkaloids such as morphine, codeine, and papaverine.

   Synonyms: see Thesaurus:opium

   • 1777, [Daniel Defoe], The Life and Most Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, […], 7th edition, London: […] S. Crowder, […]; J. Sewell, […]; W. Johnston, […]; and B. Law, […], →OCLC, page 277:

     From hence we firſt ſailed to Achin, in the iſland of Sumatra, and then to Siam, where we bartered our wares for ſome arrack and opium, the laſt of which bore a great price among the Chineſe: […]

2. (by extension, countable) Anything that numbs or stupefies.
   • 1843, Karl Marx, Zur Kritik der Hegelschen Rechtsphilosophie [A Contribution to the Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right]:

     Religion is the sigh of the oppressed creature, […] It is the opium of the people.

Derived terms

• copium
• hopium
• lettuce opium
• opium alkaloid
• opium den
• opium-eater
• opium-eating
• opium lamp
• opium pipe
• opium poppy
• Opium War
• wine of opium

 

Translations

drug from opium poppy

• Arabic: أَفْيُون (ar) m (ʔafyūn)

  Egyptian Arabic: افيون m (afyūn)

• Armenian: ափիոն (hy) (apʻion)
• Assamese: কানি (kani), আফিং (aphiṅ)
• Asturian: opiu m
• Azerbaijani: afyon, opium
• Belarusian: о́пій m (ópij), о́піюм m (ópijum)
• Bengali: আফিম (bn) (aphim)
• Bulgarian: о́пиум (bg) m (ópium)
• Burmese: ဘိန်း (my) (bhin:)
• Catalan: opi (ca)
• Cebuano: ampiyon, upyo, upyum
• Chinese:

  Cantonese: 鴉片／鸦片 (aa¹ pin³)

  Eastern Min: 鴉片／鸦片 (ă-piéng), 阿片 (ă-piéng)

  Hokkien: 鴉片／鸦片 (zh-min-nan) (a-phiàn)

  Mandarin: 鴉片／鸦片 (zh) (yāpiàn), 阿片 (zh) (āpiàn), 阿芙蓉 (zh) (āfúróng) (dated)

• Czech: opium (cs) n
• Danish: opium c
• Dutch: opium (nl) m or n
• Esperanto: opio (eo)
• Estonian: oopium
• Finnish: oopiumi (fi)
• French: opium (fr) m
• Galician: opio m
• Georgian: ოპიუმი (oṗiumi)
• German: Opium (de) n
• Greek: όπιο (el) n (ópio)

  Ancient: μηκώνιον n (mēkṓnion), ὄπιον n (ópion)

• Greenlandic: opiummi
• Gujarati: અફીણ (gu) (aphīṇ), અહિફેન (ahiphen)
• Hawaiian: ʻopiuma
• Hiligaynon: apián, ópyo
• Hindi: अफ़ीम (afīm), अहिफेन (hi) (ahiphen), अफेन (hi) (aphen)
• Hungarian: ópium (hu), áfium (hu)
• Iban: piun, chandu, chandu
• Icelandic: ópíum n
• Indonesian: apiun (id), candu (id), madat (id)
• Irish: óipiam
• Italian: oppio (it) m
• Japanese: 鴉片 (ja) (あへん, ahen), 阿片 (ja) (あへん, ahen), オピウム (opiumu)
• Javanese: ꦩꦢꦠ꧀ (madat), ꦕꦤ꧀ꦢꦸ (candu)
• Jeju: 얘펜 (yaepen)
• Jingpho: ka-ni
• Kalmyk: манцн (mantsn)
• Kannada: ಅಫೀಮು (kn) (aphīmu), ಎಲೆಮದ್ದು (kn) (elemaddu)
• Kazakh: апиын (apiyn)
• Khmer: អាភៀន (km) (ʼaaphiən)
• Korean: 아편 (ko) (apyeon)
• Kurdish:

  Northern Kurdish: afyon (ku)

• Kyrgyz: апийим (ky) (apiyim)
• Lao: ຝີ່ນ (fīn)
• Lithuanian: opijus m, opiumas
• Lü: ᦚᦲᧃᧈ (ḟiin¹)
• Macedonian: опиум m (opium)
• Malay: candu (ms) n, candu (ms)
• Malayalam: കറുപ്പ് (ml) (kaṟuppŭ), അവീൻ (ml) (avīṉ)
• Manchu: ᠶᠠᡵᠰᡳ (yarsi)
• Maori: opiuma
• Maranao: ampiyon, apiyon, apiyom
• Mon: ဘိၚ် (phìn), ဘိၚ် (phòiŋ)
• Mongolian: опиум (opium), мансууруулагч (mansuuruulagč)
• Nepali: अफिम (ne) (aphim)
• Newar: अफिम (aphima)
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: opium (no) m or n

  Nynorsk: opium m or n

• Occitan: please add this translation if you can
• Odia: please add this translation if you can
• Pashto: اپيم (ps) (apim), اپين (ps) (apin)
• Persian: افیون (fa) (afyun)
• Polish: opium (pl) n
• Portuguese: ópio (pt)
• Punjabi: ਅਫੀਮ (aphīm)
• Romanian: opiu (ro) n
• Russian: о́пий (ru) m (ópij), о́пиум (ru) m (ópium)
• Sanskrit: अहिफेन (sa) (ahiphena)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: о̀пијӯм m

  Roman: òpijūm (sh) m

• Shan: ၽိင်း (phíng), ၽိၼ် (phǐn)
• Sicilian: loppiu (scn) m
• Sindhi: आफ़ीम (āfīma)
• Sinhalese: අබිං (abiṁ), කංසා (si) (kaṁsā), මාඩා (māḍā)
• Slovak: ópium n
• Spanish: opio (es) m, anfión (es) m
• Swahili: afyuni (sw)
• Swedish: opium (sv) n
• Tagalog: opyum, opyo, apyan, ampiyon
• Tajik: афюн (afyun)
• Tamil: அபினி (ta) (apiṉi), அபின் (ta) (apiṉ)
• Telugu: నల్లమందు (te) (nallamandu), అభిని (te) (abhini)
• Thai: ฝิ่น (th) (fìn)
• Tulu: ಅಫೀಮು (aphīmu), ಅಫೀನಿ (aphīni)
• Turkish: afyon (tr)
• Ukrainian: о́пій m (ópij), о́піум m (ópium)
• Urdu: افیون (afyūn)
• Uzbek: afyun (uz)
• Vietnamese: thuốc phiện (vi), á phiện (vi)
• Waray-Waray: opyo
• Welsh: opiwm m

anything that numbs or stupefies

• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 鴉片／鸦片 (zh) (yāpiàn), 麻藥／麻药 (zh) (máyào)

• Dutch: opium (nl) m or n
• Finnish: oopiumi (fi)
• German: Opium (de) n
• Greek: όπιο (el) n (ópio)
• Icelandic: ópíum n
• Polish: opium (pl) n, opium dla mas n
• Portuguese: please add this translation if you can
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: о̀пијӯм m

  Roman: òpijūm (sh) m

Czech

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈopɪjum]

Noun

opium n

1. opium

Declension

Declension of opium (semisoft neuter foreign)

	singular	plural
nominative	opium	opia
genitive	opia	opií
dative	opiu	opiím
accusative	opium	opia
vocative	opium	opia
locative	opiu	opiích
instrumental	opiem	opii

Dutch

Etymology

From Middle Dutch opium, from Latin opium, from Ancient Greek ὄπιον (ópion), from ὀπός (opós).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈoː.pi.ʏm/

• Audio

  (file)

• Hyphenation: opi‧um

Noun

opium n or m (uncountable)

1. opium

   Synonym: amfioen

Derived terms

• opiaat
• opiumchinees
• opiumderivaat
• opiumextract
• opiumhandel
• opiumhol
• opiumkit
• opiumoorlog
• opiumpijp
• opiumpil
• opiumroker
• opiumschuiver
• opiumsmokkel
• opiumsmokkelaar
• opiumsmokkelarij
• opiumverslaafd
• opiumverslaafde
• opiumverslaving

Related terms

• amfioen

Descendants

• Afrikaans: opium
• → Indonesian: opium
• → West Frisian: opium

French

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɔ.pjɔm/

• audio

  (file)

Noun

opium m (plural opiums)

1. opium

Further reading

• “opium”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Indonesian

Etymology

From Dutch opium, from Middle Dutch opium, from Latin opium, from Ancient Greek ὄπιον (ópion). Doublet of apiun.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɔpiʊm/
• Hyphenation: opi‧um
• Rhymes: -ʊm, -m

Noun

opium (plural opium-opium, first-person possessive opiumku, second-person possessive opiummu, third-person possessive opiumnya)

1. opium: a yellow-brown, addictive narcotic drug obtained from the dried juice of unripe pods of the opium poppy, Papaver somniferum, and containing alkaloids such as morphine, codeine, and papaverine.

Synonyms

• apiun
• candu
• madat

Further reading

• “opium” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.

Latin

Alternative forms

• opion

Etymology

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ὄπιον (ópion), from ὀπός (opós, “juice of a plant”), from Proto-Indo-European *sokʷos (“juice, resin”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈo.pi.um/, [ˈɔpiʊ̃ˑ]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈo.pi.um/, [ˈɔːpium]

Noun

opium n (genitive opiī or opī); second declension

1. opium, poppy-juice

Declension

Second-declension noun (neuter).

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	opium	opia
Genitive	opiī opī1	opiōrum
Dative	opiō	opiīs
Accusative	opium	opia
Ablative	opiō	opiīs
Vocative	opium	opia

¹Found in older Latin (until the Augustan Age).

Descendants

• → Asturian: opiu
• → Catalan: opi
• → Czech: opium
• → English: opium
• → French: opium
• → German: Opium
• → Italian: oppio
• → Middle Dutch: opium
  • Dutch: opium
    • Afrikaans: opium
    • → Indonesian: opium
    • → West Frisian: opium
• → Portuguese: ópio
• → Romanian: opiu
• → Russian: о́пиум (ópium)
• → Spanish: opio

References

• “opium”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• opium in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Latin opium, from Ancient Greek ὄπιον (ópion).

Noun

opium m (definite singular opiumen, uncountable)

1. opium

Derived terms

• opiumsvalmue

Related terms

• opiat

References

• “opium” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
• “opium” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Latin opium, from Ancient Greek ὄπιον (ópion).

Noun

opium n or m (definite singular opiumet or opiumen, uncountable)

1. opium

Derived terms

• opiumsvalmue

Related terms

• opiat

References

• “opium” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Romanian

Noun

opium n (uncountable)

1. Alternative form of opiu

Swedish

Noun

opium c

1. opium (a drug)

   Religionen är ett opium för folket.

   Religion is the opium of the people. (Karl Marx)

Declension

Declension of opium
	Uncountable
	Indefinite	Definite
Nominative	opium	opiet	—	—
Genitive	opiums	opiets	—	—

Derived terms

• opiat
• opioid
• opiumalkaloid
• opiumförbrukning
• opiumhalt
• opiumhandel
• opiuminförsel
• opiumkrig
• opiummissbruk
• opiumodling
• opiumpipa
• opiumpreparat
• opiumproduktion
• opiumtinktur
• opiumvallmo

 

References

• opium in Svensk ordbok (SO)
• opium in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
• opium in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)