civilis

See also: Civilis

Latin

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *ḱey-der.

Proto-Italic *keiwis

Latin ceivis

Latin cīvis

Proto-Indo-European *-elis

Proto-Italic *-elis

Latin -ilis

Latin -īlis

Latin cīvīlis

From cīvis (“citizen”) + -īlis. Compare typologically urbānus. For the opposite, compare rūsticus (whence English rustic), pāgānus (whence English pagan), agrestis. Similarly, compare Ancient Greek ἀστεῖος (asteîos) vs. ἄγροικος (ágroikos). Note silvāticus (whence English savage), vīllānus (whence villain).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [kiːˈwiː.lɪs]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃiˈviː.lis]

Adjective

cīvīlis (neuter cīvīle, comparative cīvīlior, superlative cīvīlissimus, adverb cīvīliter); third-declension two-termination adjective

1. civic, civil (of or pertaining to citizens)
2. public, political (of or pertaining to public or political life)
3. (figuratively) courteous, polite, civil, affable, urbane

Declension

Third-declension two-termination adjective.

	singular			plural
	masc./fem.	neuter		masc./fem.	neuter
nominative	cīvīlis	cīvīle		cīvīlēs	cīvīlia
genitive	cīvīlis			cīvīlium
dative	cīvīlī			cīvīlibus
accusative	cīvīlem	cīvīle		cīvīlīs cīvīlēs	cīvīlia
ablative	cīvīlī			cīvīlibus
vocative	cīvīlis	cīvīle		cīvīlēs	cīvīlia

Synonyms

• (civil, civic): cīvicus
• (political): polīticus
• (public): commūnis, pūblicus

Antonyms

• (antonym(s) of “courteous, civil”): incīvīlis

Derived terms

• bellum cīvīle
• cīvīle
• Cīvīlis (cognomen)
• cīvilista
• cīvīlitās
• cīvīliter
• iūs cīvīle
• status cīvīlis

Related terms

• cīvicus
• cīvis
• cīvitās
• cīvitātula

Descendants

• → Catalan: civil
• → Danish: civil
• → English: civil
  • → Japanese: シビル (shibiru)
• → French: civil
  • → Turkish: sivil
  • → German: zivil, civil (obsolete)
    • → Hungarian: civil
• → Friulian: civîl
• → Italian: civile
• →? Ladin: zevil
• → Piedmontese: civil
• → Portuguese: cível, civil
• → Romanian: civil
• → Spanish: civil

References

• “civilis”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “civilis”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "civilis", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “civilis”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to teach some one letters: erudire aliquem artibus, litteris (but erudire aliquem in iure civili, in re militari)
    
  • statesmen: viri rerum civilium, rei publicae gerendae periti or viri in re publica prudentes
    
  • statesmanship; political wisdom: prudentia (civilis) (De Or. 1. 19. 85)
    
  • political questions: res civiles
    
  • to enter the whirlpool of political strife: se civilibus fluctibus committere
    
• “civilis”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper’s Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers