dwyn

Welsh

Alternative forms

• dygyd
• dygu

Pronunciation

• (North Wales) IPA^(key): /duːɨ̯n/
• (South Wales) IPA^(key): /dʊi̯n/
• Rhymes: -ʊɨ̯n

Etymology 1

From Middle Welsh duyn, from Proto-Celtic *duketi (“to carry”) (compare Cornish don, Breton dougen), from Proto-Indo-European *dewk-.

Verb

dwyn (first-person singular present dygaf)

1. to steal
2. to take
3. to bring to

Conjugation

Conjugation of dwyn (literary)

	singular			plural			impersonal
	first	second	third	first	second	third
present indicative/future	dygaf	dygi	dwg	dygwn	dygwch	dygant	dygir
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/ conditional	dygwn	dygit	dygai	dygem	dygech	dygent	dygid
preterite	dygais	dygaist	dygodd	dygasom	dygasoch	dygasant	dygwyd
pluperfect	dygaswn	dygasit	dygasai	dygasem	dygasech	dygasent	dygasid, dygesid
present subjunctive	dygwyf	dygych	dygo	dygom	dygoch	dygont	dyger
imperative	—	dwg	dyged	dygwn	dygwch	dygent	dyger
verbal noun	dwyn
verbal adjectives	dygedig dygadwy

Conjugation of dwyn (colloquial)

inflected colloquial forms	singular			plural
	first	second	third	first	second	third
future	dyga i, dygaf i	dygi di	dygith o/e/hi, dygiff e/hi	dygwn ni	dygwch chi	dygan nhw
conditional	dygwn i, dygswn i	dyget ti, dygset ti	dygai fo/fe/hi, dygsai fo/fe/hi	dygen ni, dygsen ni	dygech chi, dygsech chi	dygen nhw, dygsen nhw
preterite	dygais i, dyges i	dygaist ti, dygest ti	dygodd o/e/hi	dygon ni	dygoch chi	dygon nhw
imperative	—	dyga	—	—	dygwch	—

Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh.

Alternative literary forms

• dug (third-person singular past)
• dycpwyd, ducpwyd (impersonal past)
• dyco (third-person singular subjunctive)
• dygiedig (first verbal adjective)
• dygiadwy (second verbal adjective)

Derived terms

• dwyn i ben (“to come to pass; to complete”)
• dwyn i gof (“to bring to mind, to recall”)
• dwyn ymaith (“to take away”)
• dwyn ymlaen (“to bring forth”)
• dwyn yn ôl (“to bring back”)
• dygiad (“conveyance, conduct”)

Mutation

Mutated forms of dwyn

radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
dwyn	ddwyn	nwyn	unchanged

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Etymology 2

Noun

dwyn

1. soft mutation of twyn

Mutation

Mutated forms of twyn

radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
twyn	dwyn	nhwyn	thwyn

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “dwyn”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies