effluvium

English

WOTD – 15 July 2012

Etymology

From Latin effluvium (“an outlet”), from effluō (“flow out or away”), from ex (“out of, from”) + fluō (“flow”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɪˈfluːvi.əm/

  • Audio (Southern England)

    (file)

• Rhymes: -uːviəm
• Hyphenation: ef‧flu‧vi‧um

Noun

effluvium (countable and uncountable, plural effluvia or effluviums)

1. A gaseous or vaporous emission, especially a foul-smelling one.
   • 1835, William Gilmore Simms, The Partisan, Harper, Chapter XV, page 188:

     She was now bending over a huge light wood blaze, with a pipe of rude structure and no small dimensions in her mouth, from which the occasional puff went forth, filling the apartment with the unpleasant effluvia of the vilest leaf-tobacco.

   • 1886 October – 1887 January, H[enry] Rider Haggard, She: A History of Adventure, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., published 1887, →OCLC:

     It was the mere effluvium of the flame, the subtle ether that it cast off as it passed, working on us, and making us feel strong as giants and swift as eagles.

   • 1906, O. Henry, The Furnished Room:

     And he breathed the breath of the house—a dank savour rather than a smell—a cold, musty effluvium as from underground vaults mingled with the reeking exhalations of linoleum and mildewed and rotten woodwork.

2. A condition causing the shedding of hair.
   • 2000, Dr. Otto Braun-Falco et al., “Diseases of hair”, in Dermatology, →ISBN, page 1136:

     Reversible hair loss or effluvium occurs following either endogenous or exogenous damage to anagen hair follicles […] .

Derived terms

• effluvial
• telogen effluvium

 

Translations

gaseous or vaporous emission

• Armenian: գարշահոտություն (hy) (garšahotutʻyun), նեխահոտություն (hy) (nexahotutʻyun)
• Bulgarian: изпарение (bg) n (izparenie)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 臭氣／臭气 (zh) (chòuqì), 惡臭／恶臭 (zh) (èchòu)

• Esperanto: efluvo, haladzo
• Finnish: katku (fi)
• French: effluvium (fr)
• German: Effluvium
• Greek: αναθυμίαση (el) f (anathymíasi)
• Irish: eisilteach m
• Italian: effluvio (it)
• Russian: миа́зм (ru) m (miázm), (evaporation) испаре́ние (ru) n (isparénije)
• Spanish: efluvio (es) m
• Swedish: utdunstning c, dunst (sv) c

condition causing the shedding of hair

• Chinese:

  Mandarin: please add this translation if you can

• Finnish: kaljuuntuminen (fi)
• Swedish: effluvium n, håravfall (sv) n

Latin

Etymology

From effluō (“flow out or away”) +‎ -ium, from ex (“out of, from”) + fluō (“flow”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /efˈflu.u̯i.um/, [ɛfˈfɫ̪uː̯iʊ̃ˑ]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /efˈflu.vi.um/, [efˈfluːvium]

Noun

effluvium n (genitive effluviī or effluvī); second declension

1. The act of flowing out; discharge of liquid, outlet, efflux.

Declension

Second-declension noun (neuter).

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	effluvium	effluvia
Genitive	effluviī effluvī1	effluviōrum
Dative	effluviō	effluviīs
Accusative	effluvium	effluvia
Ablative	effluviō	effluviīs
Vocative	effluvium	effluvia

¹Found in older Latin (until the Augustan Age).

Synonyms

• (act of flowing out): effluus

Related terms

• effluēscō
• effluō
• effluus

Descendants

• Catalan: efluvi
• English: effluvium
• French: effluve
• Italian: effluvio
• Portuguese: eflúvio
• Spanish: efluvio

References

• “effluvium”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “effluvium”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• effluvium in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

Swedish

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin effluvium. First attested in 1734.

Noun

effluvium c

1. (obsolete) An emanating fume, especially if detrimental to health.
   • 1847 November 10, S., “Om Choleran [Concerning Cholera]”, in Wermlandstidningen, page 2:

     Om peſtämnetsnatur aͤr man icke ſå noga underraͤttad, men ſå mycket wet man att det, jemte beroͤringsſmittan, har ett fint effluvium, som på ganska naͤra håll ſmittar aͤfwen utan omedelbart widroͤrande; […]

     "In regard to the nature of the pestilence, one is not so precisely informed, but it is known that, along with contact contagion, it possesses a subtle effluvium, which transmits even without immediate contact, especially at quite close range; […] "

References

• effluvium in Nordisk familjebok (1st ed., 1881)