gryźć
Appearance
Old Polish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Slavic *grỳzti. First attested in the middle of the 15th century.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]gryźć impf
- (transitive, attested in Sieradz-Łęczyca) to bite (to crush something with one's teeth or separate parts of it)
- c. 1461-1467, Sermones. Rękopiśmienne ekscerpty pochodzące z rkpsu Archiwum i Biblioteki Krakowskiej Kapituły Katedralnej o sygn. 230 (dawna sygn. 1421/108 Mns) z roku 1461-1467, page 151r:
- Griszø rodunt
- [Gryzą rodunt]
- (attested in Southern Borderlands) to eat, to gnaw at (to cause mental anguish, to bother, to distress, to torment)
- 1901 [1471], Materiały i Prace Komisji Językowej Akademii Umiejętności w Krakowie, volume V, page 133:
- Gedly schą a. grisly po schierczv dissecabantur pre nimia ira et odio
- [Jedli się a. gryźli po siercu dissecabantur pre nimia ira et odio]
- Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa[11], page 585:
- Vnątrzne szamnyenye bądzye nass gryscz
- [Wnętrzne sąmnienie będzie nas gryźć]
Derived terms
[edit]nouns
Related terms
[edit]adjectives
nouns
Descendants
[edit]- Polish: gryźć, grzyźć, greźć (Middle Polish)
- Silesian: gryź
References
[edit]- Boryś, Wiesław (2005), “gryźć”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN
- Mańczak, Witold (2017), “gryźć”, in Polski słownik etymologiczny (in Polish), Kraków: Polska Akademia Umiejętności, →ISBN
- Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000), “gryźć”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
- Sławski, Franciszek (1958-1965), “gryźć”, in Jan Safarewicz, Andrzej Siudut, editors, Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), Kraków: Towarzystwo Miłośników Języka Polskiego
- “gryźć”, in Słownik staropolski (in Polish), volume 2, Wrocław, Kraków, Warsaw: Polish Academy of Sciences, 1959, page 506
- B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “gryźć”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
Polish
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Old Polish gryźć.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]gryźć impf
- (transitive) to bite; to gnaw (to crush something with one's teeth or separate parts of it) [with instrumental ‘with what’]
- W sieni domu pies gryzł kość. ― The dog was biting a bone in the hallway.
- (transitive, of an insect or bug, etc.) to sting (to penetrate with teeth, a stinger, or other organ, causing pain or injury) [with w (+ accusative) or po (+ locative) ‘what part of the body’]
- (transitive, of clothes) to itch (to cause to feel an itch) [with w (+ accusative) ‘what part of the body’]
- (transitive) to eat, to gnaw at (to cause mental anguish)
- Co cię gryzie? ― What's eating you?
- (transitive) to sting (to irritate the eyes or throat, causing burning and tearing) [with w (+ accusative) ‘what part of the body’]
- (transitive, colloquial, chiefly in the negative) to bite (to cause fear; to behave aggressively; to worry someone; to tease)
- No chodź, przecież nie gryzę. ― Come here, I don't bite.
- (transitive, obsolete, figuratively) to cram; to crack (to learn something with effort, persistence, to try to solve a difficult issue)
- (transitive, obsolete, rare) to corrode, to eat away
- Synonym: przegryzać
- (transitive, Middle Polish) to cut through brushwood
- (transitive, Middle Polish, figuratively) to slander; to intrigue, to plot against
- (transitive, Middle Polish) synonym of radzić sobie
- (intransitive, transitive, Middle Polish, of one's stomach) to hurt, to be in pain
- (reflexive with się) to bite oneself (to sink one's teeth into oneself) [with w (+ accusative) or po (+ locative) ‘what part of the body’]
- (reflexive with się, colloquial) to bite each other (to sink one's teeth into one another)
- (reflexive with się, colloquial) to bicker, to squabble; to be at odds (to have a quarrel with someone) [with o (+ accusative) ‘about what’; or with z (+ instrumental) ‘with whom’]
- (reflexive with się, of e.g. colors, designs) to be at odds (to not fit together) [with z (+ instrumental) ‘with whom’]
- (reflexive with się) to fret (to worry) [with instrumental or z (+ instrumental) ‘about what’]
- Synonyms: martwić się; see also Thesaurus:bać się
- (reflexive with się, Middle Polish) synonym of zazdrościć
- (reflexive with się, obsolete, of liquids) to churn (to mix together quickly and violently)
- (reflexive with się, Middle Polish, of an infants teeth) to come out, to show
Conjugation
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]adjectives
phrases
verbs
- gryźć się w język impf
- gryźć w oczy impf
- gryźć ziemię impf
verbs
- dogryźć pf, dogryzać impf
- nadgryźć pf, nadgryzać impf
- nagryźć pf, nagryzać impf
- obgryźć pf, obgryzać impf
- odgryźć pf, odgryzać impf
- ogryźć pf, ogryzać impf
- podgryźć pf, podgryzać impf
- pogryźć pf, pogryzać impf
- przegryźć pf, przegryzać impf
- przygryźć pf, przygryzać impf
- rozgryźć pf, rozgryzać impf
- ugryźć pf, ugryzać impf
- wgryźć pf, wgryzać impf
- wygryźć pf, wygryzać impf
- zagryźć pf, zagryzać impf
- zgryźć pf, zgryzać impf
Further reading
[edit]- gryźć in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- gryźć się in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- ktoś/coś nie gryzie in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- gryźć in Polish dictionaries at PWN
- Maria Renata Mayenowa; Stanisław Rospond; Witold Taszycki; Stefan Hrabec; Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023), “gryźć”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
- Maria Renata Mayenowa; Stanisław Rospond; Witold Taszycki; Stefan Hrabec; Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023), “gryźć się”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
- Wiesław Morawski (26.06.2019), “GRYŹĆ”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]
- Wiesław Morawski (01.03.2012), “GRYŹĆ SIĘ”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]
- Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814), “gryźć”, in Słownik języka polskiego
- Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861), “gryźć”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
- J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900), “gryźć”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw, page 928
- Jan Karłowicz (1900), “gryźć”, in Słownik gwar polskich [Dictionary of Polish dialects] (in Polish), volume 1: A do E, Kraków: Akademia Umiejętności, page 137
- gryźć in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego
Categories:
- Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Old Polish terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Polish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old Polish lemmas
- Old Polish verbs
- Old Polish imperfective verbs
- Old Polish transitive verbs
- Sieradz-Łęczyca Old Polish
- Old Polish terms with quotations
- Southern Borderlands Old Polish
- Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Polish terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Polish terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Polish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Polish terms inherited from Old Polish
- Polish terms derived from Old Polish
- Polish 1-syllable words
- Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Polish terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:Polish/ɘɕt͡ɕ
- Rhymes:Polish/ɘɕt͡ɕ/1 syllable
- Polish lemmas
- Polish verbs
- Polish imperfective verbs
- Polish transitive verbs
- Polish terms with usage examples
- Polish colloquialisms
- Polish terms with obsolete senses
- Polish terms with rare senses
- Middle Polish
- Polish intransitive verbs
- Polish reflexive verbs
- pl:Pain