kaduma

Estonian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *katodak, from Proto-Uralic *kaďa-. Cognate with Finnish and Votic katoa.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈkɑd̥umɑ/, [ˈkɑd̥umɑ]
Rhymes: -ɑdumɑ
Hyphenation: ka‧du‧ma

Verb

kaduma (da-infinitive kaduda)

(intransitive) to get lost (to end up or go somewhere unknown)
(intransitive, due to some hindering factor) to disappear (to cease to be visible or audible)
(intransitive) to get out (to visibly and quickly leave somewhere, from someone)
Synonym: ära kaduma
(intransitive) to be gone, to disappear
- 1973, Kultuurileht, editor, Looming‎^[1], page 1680:
  Ööbis tundras, aga hommikul oli juhtkoer kadunud.
  He spent the night in the tundra, but in the morning the guide dog was gone.
(intransitive, of time) to run out (to pass quickly)
(intransitive) to die, to pass away
Synonym: ära kaduma

Conjugation

Conjugation of kaduma (ÕS type 28/õppima, d-ø gradation)

indicative
present			perfect
person	positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.	kaon	ei kao	1st sing.	olen kadunud	ei ole kadunud pole kadunud
2nd sing.	kaod		2nd sing.	oled kadunud
3rd sing.	kaob		3rd sing.	on kadunud
1st plur.	kaome		1st plur.	oleme kadunud
2nd plur.	kaote		2nd plur.	olete kadunud
3rd plur.	kaovad		3rd plur.	on kadunud
impersonal	kaotakse	ei kaota	impersonal	on kaotud	ei ole kaotud pole kaotud
past			pluperfect
person	positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.	kadusin	ei kadunud	1st sing.	olin kadunud	ei olnud kadunud polnud kadunud
2nd sing.	kadusid		2nd sing.	olid kadunud
3rd sing.	kadus		3rd sing.	oli kadunud
1st plur.	kadusime		1st plur.	olime kadunud
2nd plur.	kadusite		2nd plur.	olite kadunud
3rd plur.	kadusid		3rd plur.	oli kadunud
impersonal	kaoti	ei kaotud	impersonal	oli kaotud	ei olnud kaotud polnud kaotud
conditional
present			perfect
person	positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.	kaoksin	ei kaoks	1st sing.	kadunuksin oleksin kadunud	ei kadunuks ei oleks kadunud poleks kadunud
2nd sing.	kaoksid		2nd sing.	kadunuksid oleksid kadunud
3rd sing.	kaoks		3rd sing.	kadunuks oleks kadunud
1st plur.	kaoksime		1st plur.	kadunuksime oleksime kadunud
2nd plur.	kaoksite		2nd plur.	kadunuksite oleksite kadunud
3rd plur.	kaoksid		3rd plur.	kadunuksid oleksid kadunud
impersonal	kaotaks	ei kaotaks	impersonal	oleks kaotud	ei oleks kaotud poleks kaotud
imperative
present			perfect
person	positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.	—	—	1st sing.	—	—
2nd sing.	kao	ära kao	2nd sing.	ole kadunud	ära ole kadunud
3rd sing.	kadugu	ärgu kadugu	3rd sing.	olgu kadunud	ärgu olgu kadunud
1st plur.	kadugem	ärme kaome ärme kao ärgem kadugem	1st plur.	olgem kadunud	ärme oleme kadunud ärme ole kadunud ärgem olgem kadunud
2nd plur.	kaduge	ärge kaduge	2nd plur.	olge kadunud	ärge olge kadunud
3rd plur.	kadugu	ärgu kadugu	3rd plur.	olgu kadunud	ärgu olgu kadunud
impersonal	kaotagu	ärgu kaotagu	impersonal	olgu kaotud	ärgu olgu kaotud
quotative
present			perfect
voice	positive	negative	voice	positive	negative
active	kaduvat	ei kaduvat	active	olevat kadunud	ei olevat kadunud polevat kadunud
passive	kaotavat	ei kaotavat	passive	olevat kaotud	ei olevat kaotud polevat kaotud
Nominal forms
ma-infinitive	active	passive	da-infinitive	present	past
nominative	kaduma	kaotama	nominative	kaduda	olla kadunud
illative	kaduma	—	inessive	kadudes	olles kadunud
inessive	kadumas		participle	active	passive
elative	kadumast		present	kaduv	kaotav
translative	kadumaks		past	kadunud	kaotud
abessive	kadumata		negative	kadumatu	—

Derived terms

References

kaduma in Sõnaveeb (Eesti Keele Instituut)
“kaduma”, in [EKSS] Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat [Descriptive Dictionary of the Estonian Language] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2009