kalvaa
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Finnish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Finnic [Term?], probably borrowed from Proto-Germanic *klawjaną.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]kalvaa (transitive)
- to gnaw
- to chafe, rub
- (figuratively) to gnaw, nag, bother, gall
- Synonym: jäytää
- to ream (use a reamer)
- Synonym: kalvia
Conjugation
[edit]Inflection of kalvaa (Kotus type 56/kaivaa, no gradation) | |||||||||||||||||||||
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indicative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present tense | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | kalvan | en kalva | 1st sing. | olen kalvanut | en ole kalvanut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | kalvat | et kalva | 2nd sing. | olet kalvanut | et ole kalvanut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | kalvaa | ei kalva | 3rd sing. | on kalvanut | ei ole kalvanut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | kalvamme | emme kalva | 1st plur. | olemme kalvaneet | emme ole kalvaneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | kalvatte | ette kalva | 2nd plur. | olette kalvaneet | ette ole kalvaneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | kalvavat | eivät kalva | 3rd plur. | ovat kalvaneet | eivät ole kalvaneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | kalvetaan | ei kalveta | passive | on kalvettu | ei ole kalvettu | ||||||||||||||||
past tense | pluperfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | kalvoin | en kalvanut | 1st sing. | olin kalvanut | en ollut kalvanut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | kalvoit | et kalvanut | 2nd sing. | olit kalvanut | et ollut kalvanut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | kalvoi | ei kalvanut | 3rd sing. | oli kalvanut | ei ollut kalvanut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | kalvoimme | emme kalvaneet | 1st plur. | olimme kalvaneet | emme olleet kalvaneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | kalvoitte | ette kalvaneet | 2nd plur. | olitte kalvaneet | ette olleet kalvaneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | kalvoivat | eivät kalvaneet | 3rd plur. | olivat kalvaneet | eivät olleet kalvaneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | kalvettiin | ei kalvettu | passive | oli kalvettu | ei ollut kalvettu | ||||||||||||||||
conditional mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | kalvaisin | en kalvaisi | 1st sing. | olisin kalvanut | en olisi kalvanut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | kalvaisit | et kalvaisi | 2nd sing. | olisit kalvanut | et olisi kalvanut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | kalvaisi | ei kalvaisi | 3rd sing. | olisi kalvanut | ei olisi kalvanut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | kalvaisimme | emme kalvaisi | 1st plur. | olisimme kalvaneet | emme olisi kalvaneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | kalvaisitte | ette kalvaisi | 2nd plur. | olisitte kalvaneet | ette olisi kalvaneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | kalvaisivat | eivät kalvaisi | 3rd plur. | olisivat kalvaneet | eivät olisi kalvaneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | kalvettaisiin | ei kalvettaisi | passive | olisi kalvettu | ei olisi kalvettu | ||||||||||||||||
imperative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | kalva | älä kalva | 2nd sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | kalvakoon | älköön kalvako | 3rd sing. | olkoon kalvanut | älköön olko kalvanut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | kalvakaamme | älkäämme kalvako | 1st plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | kalvakaa | älkää kalvako | 2nd plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | kalvakoot | älkööt kalvako | 3rd plur. | olkoot kalvaneet | älkööt olko kalvaneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | kalvettakoon | älköön kalvettako | passive | olkoon kalvettu | älköön olko kalvettu | ||||||||||||||||
potential mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | kalvanen | en kalvane | 1st sing. | lienen kalvanut | en liene kalvanut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | kalvanet | et kalvane | 2nd sing. | lienet kalvanut | et liene kalvanut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | kalvanee | ei kalvane | 3rd sing. | lienee kalvanut | ei liene kalvanut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | kalvanemme | emme kalvane | 1st plur. | lienemme kalvaneet | emme liene kalvaneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | kalvanette | ette kalvane | 2nd plur. | lienette kalvaneet | ette liene kalvaneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | kalvanevat | eivät kalvane | 3rd plur. | lienevät kalvaneet | eivät liene kalvaneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | kalvettaneen | ei kalvettane | passive | lienee kalvettu | ei liene kalvettu | ||||||||||||||||
Nominal forms | |||||||||||||||||||||
infinitives | participles | ||||||||||||||||||||
active | passive | active | passive | ||||||||||||||||||
1st | kalvaa | present | kalvava | kalvettava | |||||||||||||||||
long 1st1 |
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past | kalvanut | kalvettu | |||||||||||||||||
2nd | inessive2 | kalvaessa | kalvettaessa | agent4 | kalvama | ||||||||||||||||
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negative | kalvamaton | |||||||||||||||||||
instructive | kalvaen | — | 1) Used only with a possessive suffix. 2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only). | ||||||||||||||||||
3rd | inessive | kalvamassa | — | ||||||||||||||||||
elative | kalvamasta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
illative | kalvamaan | — | |||||||||||||||||||
adessive | kalvamalla | — | |||||||||||||||||||
abessive | kalvamatta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
instructive | kalvaman | kalvettaman | |||||||||||||||||||
4th3 | verbal noun | kalvaminen | |||||||||||||||||||
5th1 |
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Derived terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “kalvaa”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02
Anagrams
[edit]Categories:
- Finnish terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Finnish terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Finnish terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Finnish 2-syllable words
- Finnish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Finnish/ɑlʋɑː
- Rhymes:Finnish/ɑlʋɑː/2 syllables
- Finnish lemmas
- Finnish verbs
- Finnish transitive verbs
- Finnish kaivaa-type verbs