kiruma
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Estonian[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Finnic *kirot'ak. Cognate to Votic tširota, Finnish kirota.
Verb[edit]
kiruma (da-infinitive kiruda)
Inflection[edit]
Conjugation of kiruma (ÕS type 27/elama, no gradation)
| indicative | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | kirun | ei kiru | 1st sing. | olen kirunud | ei ole kirunud pole kirunud | ||||
| 2nd sing. | kirud | 2nd sing. | oled kirunud | ||||||
| 3rd sing. | kirub | 3rd sing. | on kirunud | ||||||
| 1st plur. | kirume | 1st plur. | oleme kirunud | ||||||
| 2nd plur. | kirute | 2nd plur. | olete kirunud | ||||||
| 3rd plur. | kiruvad | 3rd plur. | on kirunud | ||||||
| passive | kirutakse | ei kiruta | passive | on kirutud | ei ole kirutud pole kirutud | ||||
| past | pluperfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | kirusin | ei kirunud | 1st sing. | olin kirunud | ei olnud kirunud polnud kirunud | ||||
| 2nd sing. | kirusid | 2nd sing. | olid kirunud | ||||||
| 3rd sing. | kirus | 3rd sing. | oli kirunud | ||||||
| 1st plur. | kirusime | 1st plur. | olime kirunud | ||||||
| 2nd plur. | kirusite | 2nd plur. | olite kirunud | ||||||
| 3rd plur. | kirusid | 3rd plur. | oli kirunud | ||||||
| passive | kiruti | ei kirutud | passive | oli kirutud | ei olnud kirutud polnud kirutud | ||||
| conditional | |||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | kiruksin | ei kiruks | 1st sing. | kirunuksin oleksin kirunud |
ei kirunuks ei oleks kirunud poleks kirunud | ||||
| 2nd sing. | kiruksid | 2nd sing. | kirunuksid oleksid kirunud | ||||||
| 3rd sing. | kiruks | 3rd sing. | kirunuks oleks kirunud | ||||||
| 1st plur. | kiruksime | 1st plur. | kirunuksime oleksime kirunud | ||||||
| 2nd plur. | kiruksite | 2nd plur. | kirunuksite oleksite kirunud | ||||||
| 3rd plur. | kiruksid | 3rd plur. | kirunuksid oleksid kirunud | ||||||
| passive | kirutaks | ei kirutaks | passive | oleks kirutud | ei oleks kirutud poleks kirutud | ||||
| imperative | |||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | ||||
| 2nd sing. | kiru | ära kiru | 2nd sing. | ole kirunud | ära ole kirunud | ||||
| 3rd sing. | kirugu | ärgu kirugu | 3rd sing. | olgu kirunud | ärgu olgu kirunud | ||||
| 1st plur. | kirugem | ärme kirume ärme kiru ärgem kirugem |
1st plur. | olgem kirunud | ärme oleme kirunud ärme ole kirunud ärgem olgem kirunud | ||||
| 2nd plur. | kiruge | ärge kiruge | 2nd plur. | olge kirunud | ärge olge kirunud | ||||
| 3rd plur. | kirugu | ärgu kirugu | 3rd plur. | olgu kirunud | ärgu olgu kirunud | ||||
| passive | kirutagu | ärgu kirutagu | passive | olgu kirutud | ärgu olgu kirutud | ||||
| quotative | |||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| voice | positive | negative | voice | positive | negative | ||||
| active | kiruvat | ei kiruvat | active | olevat kirunud | ei olevat kirunud polevat kirunud | ||||
| passive | kirutavat | ei kirutavat | passive | olevat kirutud | ei olevat kirutud polevat kirutud | ||||
| Nominal forms | |||||||||
| ma-infinitive | active | passive | da-infinitive | present | past | ||||
| nominative | kiruma | kirutama | nominative | kiruda | olla kirunud | ||||
| illative | — | inessive | kirudes | olles kirunud | |||||
| inessive | kirumas | participle | active | passive | |||||
| elative | kirumast | present | kiruv | kirutav | |||||
| translative | kirumaks | past | kirunud | kirutud | |||||
| abessive | kirumata | negative | kirumatu | — | |||||