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kostka

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: Kostka, kóstka, kôstka, and kostką

Czech

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Czech Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia cs

Etymology

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Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kostъka (small bone), since dice were made of bones (Proto-Slavic *kostь).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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kostka f (relational adjective kostkový, diminutive kostička or kostečka)

  1. die (polyhedron used in games of chance)
    Pokud se nemůžeš rozhodnout, hoď si kostkou.If you can't decide, roll a die.
  2. cube (object more or less in the form of a cube)
    Stačí jedna kostka cukru.One cube of sugar is enough.

Declension

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nouns

Further reading

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Old Polish

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Etymology

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    Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kostъka. By surface analysis, kość +‎ -ka. First attested in 1419.

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    kostka f

    1. (attested in Lesser Poland, in the plural, hapax legomenon) bones, remains of saints' bodies, relics
      • 1874-1891 [XV med.], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności[1], [2], [3], volume XXIV, Częstochowa, page 350:
        Cosszthky reliquie sancte
        [Kostki reliquie sancte]
    2. (attested in Silesia, Greater Poland, anatomy) talus (part of the shin bone or fibula that protrudes above the ankle joint)
      • 1900 [1472], Józef Rostafiński, editor, Symbola ad historiam naturalem medii aevi = Średniowieczna historya naturalna w Polsce. Ps 2[4], number 1505:
        Kostka zaphena
        [Kostka zaphena]
      • 1885-2024 [XV p. post.], Jan Baudouina de Courtenay, Jan Karłowicz, Antoni Adam Kryńskiego, Malinowski Lucjan, editors, Prace Filologiczne[5], volume III, Wrocław, page 289:
        Talus cos[t]ka
        [Talus kos[t]ka]
      • c. 1500, Wokabularz lubiński, Lubiń: inkunabuł Archiwum Archidiecezjalnego w Gnieźnie, sygn. Inc. 78d., page 135r:
        Talus eyn enckel an dem fusz oder wurffel gloszn vel kostką
        [Talus eyn enckel an dem fusz oder wurffel glozn vel kostka]
    3. type of skin disease, sclerosis, bony growth
      • 1885-2024 [1434], Jan Baudouina de Courtenay, Jan Karłowicz, Antoni Adam Kryńskiego, Malinowski Lucjan, editors, Prace Filologiczne[6], volume V, page 32:
        Si habet eminens os *costkwo yalowa, sadno
        [Si habet eminens os kostka jałowa, sadno]
      • 1885-2024 [1434], Jan Baudouina de Courtenay, Jan Karłowicz, Antoni Adam Kryńskiego, Malinowski Lucjan, editors, Prace Filologiczne[7], volume V, page 32:
        Os excrescens, quod vocatur ocladzyni vel costky
        [Os excrescens, quod vocatur ocladzyni vel kostki]
      • 1939 [XV p. post.], Adam Bednarski, editor, Materiały do dziejów medycyny polskiej w XIV i XV stuleciu[8], page 38:
        Contra ma[r]thva costhka
        [Contra martwa kostka]
      • 1894 [1471], Konstanty Górski, editor, Historia jazdy polskiej[9], page 272:
        (Koń) gnyady... marthwa kosthka na zadnye nodze
        [(Koń) gniady... martwa kostka na zadnie nodze]
    4. (attested in Sieradz-Łęczyca, Silesia, Lesser Poland) seed in a fruit, kernel, grain
      • 1900 [1419], Józef Rostafiński, editor, Symbola ad historiam naturalem medii aevi = Średniowieczna historya naturalna w Polsce. Ps 2[10], number 5246:
        Costka rozszynkowa semen prassularis
        [Kostka rozynkowa semen prassularis]
      • 1874-1891 [1466], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności[11], [12], [13], volume XXII, Łęczyca, page 24:
        Kostka porodzyla yądro testa parit nucleum
        [Kostka porodziła jądro testa parit nucleum]
      • 1442, Wokabularz Raczyńskich, Biblioteki Raczyńskich w Poznaniu, sygn. 1360/I, page 151v:
        Nucleus patet kostka wysznyewa
        [Nucleus patet kostka wiśniewa]
      • 1885-2024 [XV p. post.], Jan Baudouina de Courtenay, Jan Karłowicz, Antoni Adam Kryńskiego, Malinowski Lucjan, editors, Prace Filologiczne[14], volume III, Wrocław, page 291:
        Koszthka nucleus
        [Kostka nucleus]
      • 1874-1891 [XV p. post.], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności[15], [16], [17], volume LIII, Krakow, page 63:
        Nucleos, hoc est broszkynove kosztky
        [Nucleos, hoc est broskiniowe kostki]
    5. (attested in Masovia, Lesser Poland) die (cube or ball used in games of chance)

    Derived terms

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    proper nouns

    Descendants

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    • Polish: kostka
    • Silesian: kostka

    References

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    Polish

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    Polish Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia pl
    kostki sense 1
    kostka sense 2
    kostki sense 3
    kostka sense 4
    kostki sense 5
    kostka sense 6
    kostka sense 8
    kostki sense 9
    kostki sense 13

    Etymology

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      Inherited from Old Polish kostka. By surface analysis, kość +‎ -ka.

      Pronunciation

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      • Audio:(file)
      • Rhymes: -ɔstka
      • Syllabification: kost‧ka
      • Homophone: Kostka

      Noun

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      kostka f (diminutive kosteczka)

      1. (anatomy) diminutive of kość (bone)
      2. (anatomy) ankle (bulge on both sides of the leg directly above the foot)
      3. (anatomy) knuckle (bulge on the back of the hand at the joint)
      4. (countable) die (polyhedron used in games of chance)
        Synonym: kość
        1. (Middle Polish) game of chance
          1. (Middle Polish, figuratively) luck; chance
      5. lump (portion of a substance formed in the shape of a small cuboid)
      6. cobble, cobblestone (material in the form of small cuboids formed from concrete or stone, used for paving streets and sidewalks)
      7. box, block (device similar in shape to a cuboid used to connect cables when installing electrical devices)
      8. (colloquial, computing, electronics) chip, microchip, computer chip, integrated circuit (small electronic device made up of multiple interconnected electronic components such as transistors, resistors, and capacitors)
        Synonyms: chip, kość, układ scalony
      9. (colloquial, music) pick, plectrum (small piece of plastic, metal, ivory, etc. for plucking strings)
        Synonyms: piórko, plektron
      10. cube (object more or less in the form of a cube)
        Kostka RubikaRubik's Cube
        kostka loduice cube
      11. (Far Masovian) synonym of skrzyp
      12. (Masuria) synonym of skrzyp zimowy
      13. (Podhale) decorative seashell worn on one's hat
        Hypernym: muszla
      14. (obsolete, carpentry) block (part of a board or log that protrudes and is inserted into a groove of an adjacent board or log)
      15. (obsolete) leveller (bone tool for smoothing, leveling)
      16. (obsolete) synonym of kwadracik
      17. (Middle Polish) synonym of pestka
      18. (Middle Polish) synonym of chrząstka

      Declension

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      Derived terms

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      adverbs

      Further reading

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      Silesian

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      Etymology

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        Inherited from Old Polish kostka. By surface analysis, kość +‎ -ka.

        Pronunciation

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        • IPA(key): /ˈkɔst.ka/
        • Rhymes: -ɔstka
        • Syllabification: kost‧ka

        Noun

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        kostka f

        1. (anatomy) diminutive of kość (bone)
        2. lump, cube (object more or less in the form of a cube)
        3. (anatomy) ankle (bulge on both sides of the leg directly above the foot)
        4. (botany) stone, pit, pip (central part of some fruits, particularly drupes)
          Synonym: jōndrzko
        5. fishbone (bone from a fish)
          Synonym: ôść
        6. field horsetail (Equisetum arvense)
          Synonym: sprzynczka

        Declension

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        Declension of kostka
        singular plural
        nominative kostka kostki
        genitive kostki kostek
        dative kostce kostkōm
        accusative kostkã kostki
        instrumental kostkōm kostkami/kostkōma
        locative kostce kostkach
        vocative kostko kostki

        Further reading

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        • kostka in silling.org
        • Bogdan Kallus (2020) “kostka”, in Słownik Gōrnoślōnskij Gŏdki, IV edition, Chorzów: Pro Loquela Silesiana, →ISBN, page 327
        • Henryk Jaroszewicz (2022) “kostka”, in Zasady pisowni języka śląskiego (in Polish), Siedlce: Wydawnictwo Naukowe IKR[i]BL, page 88
        • Barbara Podgórska, Adam Podgóski (2008) “kostka”, in Słownik gwar śląskich [A dictionary of Silesian dialects] (in Polish), Katowice: Wydawnictwo KOS, →ISBN, page 143
        • Michał Przywara (c. 1900) “kostka”, in Narzecza śląskie napisał ks. Michał Przywara. C. Słownik[24]