mí-

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Irish

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Etymology

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From Old Irish mí-[1] (compare Scottish Gaelic mì-), from Proto-Indo-European *mey- (to change). Cognate with English mis-, Latin minus (lesser), Ancient Greek μείων (meíōn, less).

Prefix

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mí-

  1. Having a negative or missing quality
    bad, ill-, evil, dis-, mis-, mal-
  2. not
    un-, in-, dis-, mis-

Usage notes

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  • Does not change form for broad or slender nouns;
  • Triggers lenition when attached to a noun or adjective beginning with a consonant:
    mí- + ‎ceart (right, correct) → ‎mícheart (incorrect, wrong)
    mí- + ‎cothrom (equal; balanced; level) → ‎míchothrom (uneven)
  • Written with a hyphen when attached to nouns or adjectives beginning with a vowel:
    mí- + ‎ordú (order) → ‎mí-ordú (disorder)

Synonyms

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Derived terms

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Mutation

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Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Eclipsis
mí- mhí- not applicable
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

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  1. ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “mí-”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Further reading

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Old Irish

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Etymology

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Possibly from mis (less). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *mey- (to change).

Prefix

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mí-

  1. (derogatory) evil, ill, sinister
    Synonym: do-

Derived terms

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Descendants

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  • Irish: mí-
  • Manx: mee-
  • Scottish Gaelic: mì-

Mutation

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Old Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Nasalization
mí-
also mmí- after a proclitic
ending in a vowel
mí-
pronounced with /β̃(ʲ)-/
unchanged
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

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