do-

See also: Appendix:Variations of "do"

Czech

Prefix

do-

1. A prefix, usually indicating a destination or a completed action or state.

   ‎do- + ‎studovat → ‎dostudovat

   ‎do- + ‎hořet → ‎dohořet

   ‎do- + ‎cestovat → ‎docestovat

   ‎do- + ‎dělat → ‎dodělat

   ‎do- + ‎vařit → ‎dovařit

   ‎do- + ‎kouřit → ‎dokouřit

   ‎do- + ‎číst → ‎dočíst

Derived terms

Czech words prefixed with do-

Further reading

• do- in Slovník afixů užívaných v češtině, 2017

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Irish

Etymology

From Old Irish do-, du-, from Proto-Celtic *dus-, from Proto-Indo-European *dus-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /d̪ˠɔ/

Prefix

do-

1. impossible, extremely difficult

   Antonym: in-

2. to
3. ill, evil

   Antonym: so-

Derived terms

Irish words prefixed with do-

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Eclipsis
do-	dho-	ndo-
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

• "do-" in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, An Gúm, 1977, by Niall Ó Dónaill.
• G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “do-, du-”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

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Manx

Etymology

From Old Irish do-, du-.

Prefix

do-

1. non-, un-

Derived terms

Manx words prefixed with do-

References

• G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “do-, du-”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

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Old Irish

Etymology 1

From Proto-Celtic *dus-, from Proto-Indo-European *dus-.

Alternative forms

• du-

Prefix

do-

1. impossible, extremely difficult
2. ill, evil

   Synonym: mí-

Derived terms

Old Irish words prefixed with do-

Antonyms

• so-, su-

Etymology 2

Prefix

do-

1. pretonic form of dí-
2. pretonic form of to-

Mutation

Old Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Nasalization
do-	do- pronounced with /ð(ʲ)-/	ndo-
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

• G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “do-, du-”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

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Polish

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *do.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dɔ/

• Audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɔ
• Syllabification: do

Prefix

do-

1. Appended to verbs to indicate completion

   ‎do- + ‎kończyć → ‎dokończyć

2. Appended to verbs to indicate addition or furthering a previous process

   ‎do- + ‎lać → ‎dolać

3. Appended to verbs to indicate addition or approaching a goal

   ‎do- + ‎iść → ‎dojść

   Antonyms: od-, ode-

Derived terms

Polish words prefixed with do-

Further reading

• do- in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• do- in Polish dictionaries at PWN

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Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

From Old Irish do-, du-.

Prefix

do-

1. un-

Derived terms

Scottish Gaelic words prefixed with do-

See also

• ao-
• mì-
• eu-
• neo-

References

• G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “do-, du-”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

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Slovene

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *do-. Prefixed form of the preposition do.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dɔ-/

Prefix

do-

1. Forms perfective verbs with the following meanings:
   1. to finish

      ‎do- + ‎zídati (“to build”) → ‎dozídati (“to finish building”)

   2. up to, to reach

      ‎do- + ‎téči (“to run”) → ‎dotéči (“to catch up with”)

   3. to add

      ‎do- + ‎líti (“to pour”) → ‎dolíti (“to add by pouring”)

Derived terms

Slovene words prefixed with do-