makula

See also: Makula

Finnish

Etymology

Internationalism (see English macula).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈmɑkulɑ/, [ˈmɑ̝kulɑ̝]
• Rhymes: -ɑkulɑ
• Syllabification^(key): ma‧ku‧la
• Hyphenation^(key): ma‧ku‧la

Noun

makula

1. (medicine) macula, macule

Declension

Inflection of makula (Kotus type 12/kulkija, no gradation)
nominative		makula	makulat
genitive		makulan	makuloiden makuloitten
partitive		makulaa	makuloita
illative		makulaan	makuloihin
		singular	plural
nominative		makula	makulat
accusative	nom.	makula	makulat
	gen.	makulan
genitive		makulan	makuloiden makuloitten makulain rare
partitive		makulaa	makuloita
inessive		makulassa	makuloissa
elative		makulasta	makuloista
illative		makulaan	makuloihin
adessive		makulalla	makuloilla
ablative		makulalta	makuloilta
allative		makulalle	makuloille
essive		makulana	makuloina
translative		makulaksi	makuloiksi
abessive		makulatta	makuloitta
instructive		—	makuloin
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of makula (Kotus type 12/kulkija, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative makulani makulani accusative nom. makulani makulani gen. makulani genitive makulani makuloideni makuloitteni makulaini rare partitive makulaani makuloitani inessive makulassani makuloissani elative makulastani makuloistani illative makulaani makuloihini adessive makulallani makuloillani ablative makulaltani makuloiltani allative makulalleni makuloilleni essive makulanani makuloinani translative makulakseni makuloikseni abessive makulattani makuloittani instructive — — comitative — makuloineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative makulasi makulasi accusative nom. makulasi makulasi gen. makulasi genitive makulasi makuloidesi makuloittesi makulaisi rare partitive makulaasi makuloitasi inessive makulassasi makuloissasi elative makulastasi makuloistasi illative makulaasi makuloihisi adessive makulallasi makuloillasi ablative makulaltasi makuloiltasi allative makulallesi makuloillesi essive makulanasi makuloinasi translative makulaksesi makuloiksesi abessive makulattasi makuloittasi instructive — — comitative — makuloinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative makulamme makulamme accusative nom. makulamme makulamme gen. makulamme genitive makulamme makuloidemme makuloittemme makulaimme rare partitive makulaamme makuloitamme inessive makulassamme makuloissamme elative makulastamme makuloistamme illative makulaamme makuloihimme adessive makulallamme makuloillamme ablative makulaltamme makuloiltamme allative makulallemme makuloillemme essive makulanamme makuloinamme translative makulaksemme makuloiksemme abessive makulattamme makuloittamme instructive — — comitative — makuloinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative makulanne makulanne accusative nom. makulanne makulanne gen. makulanne genitive makulanne makuloidenne makuloittenne makulainne rare partitive makulaanne makuloitanne inessive makulassanne makuloissanne elative makulastanne makuloistanne illative makulaanne makuloihinne adessive makulallanne makuloillanne ablative makulaltanne makuloiltanne allative makulallenne makuloillenne essive makulananne makuloinanne translative makulaksenne makuloiksenne abessive makulattanne makuloittanne instructive — — comitative — makuloinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative makulansa makulansa accusative nom. makulansa makulansa gen. makulansa genitive makulansa makuloidensa makuloittensa makulainsa rare partitive makulaansa makuloitaan makuloitansa inessive makulassaan makulassansa makuloissaan makuloissansa elative makulastaan makulastansa makuloistaan makuloistansa illative makulaansa makuloihinsa adessive makulallaan makulallansa makuloillaan makuloillansa ablative makulaltaan makulaltansa makuloiltaan makuloiltansa allative makulalleen makulallensa makuloilleen makuloillensa essive makulanaan makulanansa makuloinaan makuloinansa translative makulakseen makulaksensa makuloikseen makuloiksensa abessive makulattaan makulattansa makuloittaan makuloittansa instructive — — comitative — makuloineen makuloinensa

Synonyms

• täplä

Derived terms

compounds

• makuladegeneraatio
• makularappeuma

Hungarian

Etymology

From Latin macula (“spot”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈmɒkulɒ]
• Hyphenation: ma‧ku‧la
• Rhymes: -lɒ

Noun

makula (plural makulák)

1. (anatomy) macula (an oval yellow spot near the center of the retina of the human eye)
2. (archaic) spot, stain

   Synonym: folt

3. (archaic, figuratively) fault, blemish (a blot on one’s character)

Declension

Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony)

	singular	plural
nominative	makula	makulák
accusative	makulát	makulákat
dative	makulának	makuláknak
instrumental	makulával	makulákkal
causal-final	makuláért	makulákért
translative	makulává	makulákká
terminative	makuláig	makulákig
essive-formal	makulaként	makulákként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	makulában	makulákban
superessive	makulán	makulákon
adessive	makulánál	makuláknál
illative	makulába	makulákba
sublative	makulára	makulákra
allative	makulához	makulákhoz
elative	makulából	makulákból
delative	makuláról	makulákról
ablative	makulától	makuláktól
non-attributive possessive – singular	makuláé	makuláké
non-attributive possessive – plural	makuláéi	makulákéi

Possessive forms of makula

possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	makulám	makuláim
2nd person sing.	makulád	makuláid
3rd person sing.	makulája	makulái
1st person plural	makulánk	makuláink
2nd person plural	makulátok	makuláitok
3rd person plural	makulájuk	makuláik

Derived terms

• makulányi
• makulátlan
• makulátlanul

Further reading

• makula in Géza Bárczi, László Országh, et al., editors, A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN.

Indonesian

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin macula (“spot, stain”).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /maˈkula/ [maˈku.la]
• Rhymes: -ula
• Syllabification: ma‧ku‧la

Noun

makula (plural makula-makula)

1. macula
   1. (anatomy, ophthalmology) an oval yellow spot near the center of the retina of the human eye, histologically defined as having two or more layers of ganglion cells, responsible for detailed central vision.
   2. (anatomy, biology) A small chamber of the inner ear of certain vertebrates filled with endolymph and containing an otolith.
   3. a spot, as on the skin, or on the surface of the sun or of some other luminous orb.
   4. a rather large spot or blotch of color.
   5. (astronomy, geology) in planetary geology, an unusually dark area on the surface of a planet or moon.
2. macule
   1. a spot.
   2. (dermatology) a flat, discolored area of skin, less than 1 centimeter (0.39 inches) in size, that doesn't involve any change in the skin's texture or thickness, and is not raised.
   3. a blur or an appearance of a double impression, as when the paper slips a little during printing.

Further reading

• “makula”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016