macula
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English
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle English macula (“spot on the skin or in the eye”), borrowed from Latin macula (“spot, stain”). Doublet of macchia and macule.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]macula (plural maculas or maculae)
- (anatomy) An oval yellow spot near the center of the retina of the human eye, histologically defined as having two or more layers of ganglion cells, responsible for detailed central vision.
- (anatomy, biology) A small chamber of the inner ear of certain vertebrates filled with endolymph and containing an otolith.
- A spot, as on the skin, or on the surface of the sun or of some other luminous orb.
- A rather large spot or blotch of color.
- In planetary geology, an unusually dark area on the surface of a planet or moon.
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]- (oval yellow spot near the center of the retina): macula lutea, macular
Translations
[edit]anatomy: yellow spot near the center of retina
|
spot
large blot or splotch
planetary geology: dark area on the surface of planet or moon
Further reading
[edit]- macula on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
- “macula”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
- “macula”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.
- “macula”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
Catalan
[edit]Verb
[edit]macula
- inflection of macular:
French
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Audio: (file)
Verb
[edit]macula
- third-person singular past historic of maculer
Italian
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Latin macula, whence also the inherited doublet macchia.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]macula f (plural macule)
Synonyms
[edit]- (stain, blot): macchia
Related terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- macula on the Italian Wikipedia.Wikipedia it
- macula in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana
Anagrams
[edit]Latin
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Italic *smatlom, from Proto-Indo-European *smh₂-tló-m (possibly meaning “wiping”); related to Ancient Greek σμάω (smáō, “I wipe clean, cleanse”).[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]- macula: (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /ˈma.ku.la/, [ˈmäkʊɫ̪ä]
- macula: (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈma.ku.la/, [ˈmäːkulä]
- maculā: (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /ˈma.ku.laː/, [ˈmäkʊɫ̪äː]
- maculā: (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈma.ku.la/, [ˈmäːkulä]
Noun
[edit]macula f (genitive maculae); first declension
- in a bad sense
- (literally and in general) a spot, speck, small mark or stain
- (literally and in particular) a disfiguring spot, stain, or blemish
- (on the skin) a blemish, temporary or permanent (for example, a bruise, freckle, mole, birthmark, etc.)
- (on a garment) a stain, an area of soiling or defilement
- (literally and in particular) a disfiguring spot, stain, or blemish
- (figuratively) a fault or blemish, a blot on one’s character
- (transferred sense) a mark of shame or disgrace; a stigma, brand, or blight
- (literally and in general) a spot, speck, small mark or stain
- in a neutral sense
- any kind of marking or point of variegation; a speckle, spot, patch, line, or similar
- on the skin or coat of an animal
- on the leaves of a plant
- (transferred sense) a mesh in a net, a cell in a network, or a hole in a web
- (Medieval Latin, in particular) a cell in a coat of mail, a ring of mail armour
- (Medieval Latin, transferred sense) a link in a chain
- any kind of marking or point of variegation; a speckle, spot, patch, line, or similar
Declension
[edit]First-declension noun.
Case | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative | macula | maculae |
Genitive | maculae | maculārum |
Dative | maculae | maculīs |
Accusative | maculam | maculās |
Ablative | maculā | maculīs |
Vocative | macula | maculae |
Derived terms
[edit]- Macula (cognomen)
- maculō
- maculōsus
- maculātūra
Descendants
[edit]- Borrowings
- → Catalan: màcula
- → Czech: machule
- → Dutch: macula
- → Galician: mácula, mágoa (semi-learned)
- → Italian: macula
- → Middle English: macula, macule
- English: macula
- → Middle French: macule
- → Old Irish: mocoll
- Irish: mogall
- → Old High German: makel
- German: Makel
- → Portuguese: mácula; mágoa (semi-learned)
- → Russian: макула (makula)
- → Sicilian: màcula
- → Spanish: mácula
- → Slovak: machuľa
References
[edit]- “măcŭla”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “macula”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- macula in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- măcŭla in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette, page 935/2.
- Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
- to blot out a reproach: maculam (conceptam) delere, eluere
- (ambiguous) to sully one's fair fame: vitae splendori(em) maculas(is) aspergere
- to blot out a reproach: maculam (conceptam) delere, eluere
- “macula” on pages 1,058–1,059 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (1st ed., 1968–82)
- Niermeyer, Jan Frederik (1976) “macula, macla”, in Mediae Latinitatis Lexicon Minus, Leiden, Boston: E. J. Brill, page 624/1
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “macula”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 357-8
Middle English
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Latin macula. Doublet of mayle.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]macula (plural maculas)
- (Late Middle English, rare) A lesion on the eye or skin.
Descendants
[edit]- English: macula
References
[edit]- “macula, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-07-09.
Portuguese
[edit]Verb
[edit]macula
- inflection of macular:
Romanian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Latin maculare or French maculer.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]a macula (third-person singular present maculează, past participle maculat) 1st conj.
Conjugation
[edit] conjugation of macula (first conjugation, -ez- infix)
infinitive | a macula | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | maculând | ||||||
past participle | maculat | ||||||
number | singular | plural | |||||
person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |
indicative | eu | tu | el/ea | noi | voi | ei/ele | |
present | maculez | maculezi | maculează | maculăm | maculați | maculează | |
imperfect | maculam | maculai | macula | maculam | maculați | maculau | |
simple perfect | maculai | maculași | maculă | macularăm | macularăți | maculară | |
pluperfect | maculasem | maculaseși | maculase | maculaserăm | maculaserăți | maculaseră | |
subjunctive | eu | tu | el/ea | noi | voi | ei/ele | |
present | să maculez | să maculezi | să maculeze | să maculăm | să maculați | să maculeze | |
imperative | — | tu | — | — | voi | — | |
affirmative | maculează | maculați | |||||
negative | nu macula | nu maculați |
Further reading
[edit]- macula in DEX online—Dicționare ale limbii române (Dictionaries of the Romanian language)
Spanish
[edit]Verb
[edit]macula
- inflection of macular:
Categories:
- English terms inherited from Middle English
- English terms derived from Middle English
- English terms derived from Latin
- English doublets
- English 3-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English lemmas
- English nouns
- English countable nouns
- English nouns with irregular plurals
- en:Anatomy
- en:Biology
- Catalan non-lemma forms
- Catalan verb forms
- French terms with audio pronunciation
- French non-lemma forms
- French verb forms
- Italian terms borrowed from Latin
- Italian terms derived from Latin
- Italian doublets
- Italian 3-syllable words
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- Rhymes:Italian/akula
- Rhymes:Italian/akula/3 syllables
- Italian lemmas
- Italian nouns
- Italian countable nouns
- Italian feminine nouns
- it:Anatomy
- it:Astronomy
- it:Geology
- it:Pathology
- Medieval Latin
- Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic
- Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic
- Latin terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Latin 3-syllable words
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- enm:Appearance
- enm:Eye
- Portuguese non-lemma forms
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- Romanian terms borrowed from Latin
- Romanian terms derived from Latin
- Romanian terms borrowed from French
- Romanian terms derived from French
- Romanian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Romanian lemmas
- Romanian verbs
- Romanian verbs in 1st conjugation
- Spanish non-lemma forms
- Spanish verb forms