retina

See also: Retina, retinä, and retiña

English

Illustration showing parts of the human eye, including the retina.

Etymology

From Medieval Latin rētina, the diminutive form of Latin rēte (“net”), probably from the Vulgar Latin phrase (tunica) *rētina, literally "net-like tunic", used to describe the blood vessel system at the back of the eye. (Gerard of Cremona may have created this phrase as a translation for Arabic (ṭabaqa) shabakiyya "net-like layer", which translates Ancient Greek ἀμφιβληστροειδής (amphiblēstroeidḗs) (χιτών (khitṓn))).

Pronunciation

• (US) IPA^(key): /ˈɹɛt.ɨ.nə/

• Audio (Southern England)

  (file)

Noun

retina (plural retinas or retinae or retinæ)

1. (anatomy) The thin layer of cells at the back of the eyeball where light is converted into neural signals sent to the brain.

Derived terms

• detached retina
• retinal
• retinitis
• retinocentric
• retinopathy

 

Translations

thin layer of cells at the back of the eyeball

• Arabic: شَبَكِيَّة عَيْن‎ f (šabakiyyat ʿayn), شَبَكِيَّة‎ f (šabakiyya)
• Armenian: ցանցաթաղանթ (hy) (cʿancʿatʿałantʿ)
• Belarusian: сятча́тка f (sjatčátka)
• Bengali: রেটিনা (reṭina)
• Bulgarian: рети́на f (retína)
• Burmese: မြင်လွှာ (mranghlwa)
• Catalan: retina (ca) f
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 視網膜 (zh), 视网膜 (zh) (shìwǎngmó), 網膜 (zh), 网膜 (zh) (wǎngmó)

• Czech: sítnice (cs) f
• Danish: nethinde (da) c
• Dutch: netvlies (nl) n, retina (nl) (formal)
• Esperanto: retino
• Estonian: võrkkest
• Finnish: verkkokalvo (fi), retina (fi)
• French: rétine (fr) f
• German: Netzhaut (de) f, Retina (de) f
• Greek: αμφιβληστροειδής (el) m (amfivlistroeidís)
• Hebrew: רִשְׁתִּית‎ (he)
• Hindi: रेटिना (reṭinā)
• Hungarian: retina (hu), recehártya (hu)
• Indonesian: retina (id)
• Irish: reitine f
• Italian: retina (it) f
• Japanese: 網膜 (もうまく, mōmaku)
• Khmer: ចិត្របដ (cetraʔbat)
• Korean: 망막 (ko) (mangmak)
• Kurdish:

  Northern Kurdish: tore (ku) f

• Lao: ຈັກຂຸປະສາດ (chak khu pa sāt)
• Latvian: tīklene f
• Lithuanian: tinklainė f
• Macedonian: мре́жница f (mréžnica)
• Malay: retina
• Maori: āhuahua, mata tuaroa
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: netthinne (no) m or f

  Nynorsk: netthinne f

• Persian: شبکیه‎ (fa) (šabakiyye)
• Polish: siatkówka (pl) f
• Portuguese: retina (pt) f
• Romanian: retină (ro) f
• Russian: сетча́тка (ru) f (setčátka), рети́на (ru) f (retína)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: ретина f, мрежница f, мрежњача f

  Roman: retina (sh), mrežnica (sh) f, mrežnjača f

• Slovak: sietnica f
• Slovene: mrežnica (sl) f
• Spanish: retina (es) f
• Swedish: näthinna (sv) c, retina (sv) c (formal)
• Tagalog: busilig
• Thai: จอตา (jor-dtaa)
• Turkish: ağ kat (tr), ağ tabaka (tr)
• Ukrainian: сіткі́вка f (sitkívka), рети́на f (retýna)
• Urdu: شبکیہ‎ (ur), ریٹنا‎ (reṭinā)
• Vietnamese: võng mạc (vi)
• Volapük: retin (vo)

Further reading

• retina on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Anagrams

• Reitan, atrine, ratiné, retain, tanier, tearin', tin ear

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Catalan

Pronunciation

• (Balearic, Central) IPA^(key): /rəˈti.nə/
• (Valencian) IPA^(key): /reˈti.na/

Noun

retina m (plural retines)

1. retina

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Dutch

Etymology

From Medieval Latin rētina, the diminutive form of Latin rēte (“net”), probably from Vulgar Latin tunica *retina (literally “net-like tunic”), used to describe the blood vessel system at the back of the eye.

Pronunciation

• Audio

  (file)

• Hyphenation: re‧ti‧na

Noun

retina f or m (plural retina's, diminutive retinaatje n)

1. retina

   Synonym: netvlies

Anagrams

• traine

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Finnish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈretinɑ/, [ˈre̞t̪inɑ]
• Rhymes: -etinɑ
• Syllabification: re‧ti‧na

Noun

retina

1. Synonym of verkkokalvo (“retina”)

Declension

Inflection of retina (Kotus type 13/katiska, no gradation)
nominative		retina	retinat
genitive		retinan	retinoiden retinoitten retinojen
partitive		retinaa	retinoita retinoja
illative		retinaan	retinoihin
		singular	plural
nominative		retina	retinat
accusative	nom.	retina	retinat
	gen.	retinan
genitive		retinan	retinoiden retinoitten retinojen retinainrare
partitive		retinaa	retinoita retinoja
inessive		retinassa	retinoissa
elative		retinasta	retinoista
illative		retinaan	retinoihin
adessive		retinalla	retinoilla
ablative		retinalta	retinoilta
allative		retinalle	retinoille
essive		retinana	retinoina
translative		retinaksi	retinoiksi
instructive		—	retinoin
abessive		retinatta	retinoitta
comitative		—	retinoineen

Possessive forms of retina (type katiska)
possessor	singular	plural
1st person	retinani	retinamme
2nd person	retinasi	retinanne
3rd person	retinansa

Anagrams

• arenti, aterin, tieran

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Hungarian

Etymology

From Late Latin rētina, the diminutive form of Latin rēte (“net”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈrɛtinɒ]
• Hyphenation: re‧ti‧na
• Rhymes: -nɒ

Noun

retina (plural retinák)

1. (anatomy) retina (the thin layer of cells at the back of the eyeball where light is converted into neural signals sent to the brain)

Declension

Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony)
	singular	plural
nominative	retina	retinák
accusative	retinát	retinákat
dative	retinának	retináknak
instrumental	retinával	retinákkal
causal-final	retináért	retinákért
translative	retinává	retinákká
terminative	retináig	retinákig
essive-formal	retinaként	retinákként
essive-modal	retinául	—
inessive	retinában	retinákban
superessive	retinán	retinákon
adessive	retinánál	retináknál
illative	retinába	retinákba
sublative	retinára	retinákra
allative	retinához	retinákhoz
elative	retinából	retinákból
delative	retináról	retinákról
ablative	retinától	retináktól
non-attributive possessive - singular	retináé	retináké
non-attributive possessive - plural	retináéi	retinákéi

Possessive forms of retina
possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	retinám	retináim
2nd person sing.	retinád	retináid
3rd person sing.	retinája	retinái
1st person plural	retinánk	retináink
2nd person plural	retinátok	retináitok
3rd person plural	retinájuk	retináik

Further reading

• retina in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh: A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (’The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962.

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Interlingua

Noun

retina (plural retinas)

1. retina

Related terms

• retinal

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Italian

Etymology 1

The original sense (Etymology 2) of retina, but given a specific anatomical meaning.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈrɛtina/
• Hyphenation: rè‧ti‧na

Noun

retina f (plural retine)

1. (anatomy) retina

Derived terms

Derived terms

• retinene
• retinico

• retinite
• retinopatia

Etymology 2

rete +‎ -ina

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /reˈti.na/
• Hyphenation: re‧tì‧na

Noun

retina f (plural retine)

1. Diminutive of rete
   1. small net
   2. hairnet

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /reˈti.na/
• Hyphenation: re‧tì‧na

Verb

retina

1. third-person singular present indicative of retinare
2. second-person singular imperative of retinare

Anagrams

• anitre, entrai, intera, rinate, tenari, tirane

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Latin

Etymology 1

An abbreviation of the Classical retināculum n, which, because it occurred almost exclusively in the plural (retinācula, -ōrum), was reinterpreted in its abbreviated form as a feminine, rather than a neuter, noun.

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈre.ti.na/, [ˈrɛt̪ɪnä]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈre.ti.na/, [ˈrɛːt̪inɑ]

Noun

retina f (genitive retinae); first declension

1. (Medieval Latin) a rein (strap or rope attached to a bridle or bit, used to control an animal)

Declension

First-declension noun.

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	retina	retinae
Genitive	retinae	retinārum
Dative	retinae	retinīs
Accusative	retinam	retinās
Ablative	retinā	retinīs
Vocative	retina	retinae

References

• 2. RETINA in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)

Etymology 2

An etymologising spelling, closer to the word’s etymon, the Ancient Greek ῥητῑ́νη (rhētī́nē).

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /reːˈtiː.na/, [reːˈt̪iːnä]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /reˈti.na/, [rɛˈt̪iːnɑ]

Noun

rētīna f (genitive rētīnae); first declension

1. medieval spelling of rēsīna (“resin”)

Declension

First-declension noun.

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	rētīna	rētīnae
Genitive	rētīnae	rētīnārum
Dative	rētīnae	rētīnīs
Accusative	rētīnam	rētīnās
Ablative	rētīnā	rētīnīs
Vocative	rētīna	rētīnae

References

• 1. RETINA in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)

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Portuguese

Verb

retina

1. first-person singular (eu) present subjunctive of retinir
2. third-person singular (ele and ela, also used with você and others) present subjunctive of retinir
3. third-person singular (você) affirmative imperative of retinir
4. third-person singular (você) negative imperative of retinir

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Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /reˈtina/, [reˈt̪i.na]

Noun

retina f (plural retinas)

1. retina