retina

See also: Retina and retiña

English

Illustration showing parts of the human eye, including the retina.

Etymology

From Medieval Latin rētina, the diminutive form of Latin rēte (“net”), probably from the Vulgar Latin phrase (tunica) *rētina, literally "net-like tunic", used to describe the blood vessel system at the back of the eye. (Gerard of Cremona may have created this phrase as a translation for Arabic (ṭabaqa) shabakiyya "net-like layer", which translates Ancient Greek ἀμφιβληστροειδής (amphiblēstroeidḗs) (χιτών (khitṓn))).

Pronunciation

• (US) IPA^(key): /ˈɹɛt.ɨ.nə/

Noun

retina (plural retinas or retinae or retinæ)

1. (anatomy) The thin layer of cells at the back of the eyeball where light is converted into neural signals sent to the brain.

Derived terms

• detached retina
• retinal
• retinitis
• retinocentric
• retinopathy

 

Translations

thin layer of cells at the back of the eyeball

• Arabic: شَبَكِيَّة عَيْن‎ f (šabakiyyat ʿayn), شَبَكِيَّة‎ f (šabakiyya)
• Armenian: ցանցաթաղանթ (hy) (cʿancʿatʿałantʿ)
• Belarusian: сятча́тка f (sjatčátka)
• Bengali: রেটিনা (reṭina)
• Bulgarian: рети́на f (retína)
• Burmese: မြင်လွှာ (mranghlwa)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 視網膜 (zh), 视网膜 (zh) (shìwǎngmó), 網膜 (zh), 网膜 (zh) (wǎngmó)

• Czech: sítnice (cs) f
• Danish: nethinde (da) c
• Dutch: netvlies (nl) n, retina (nl) (formal)
• Esperanto: retino
• Estonian: võrkkest
• Finnish: verkkokalvo (fi), retina (fi)
• French: rétine (fr) f
• German: Netzhaut (de) f, Retina (de) f
• Greek: αμφιβληστροειδής (el) m (amfivlistroeidís)
• Hebrew: רִשְׁתִּית‎ (he)
• Hindi: रेटिना (reṭinā)
• Hungarian: retina (hu), recehártya (hu)
• Indonesian: retina (id)
• Irish: reitine f
• Italian: retina (it) f
• Japanese: 網膜 (もうまく, mōmaku)
• Khmer: ចិត្របដ (cetraʔbat)
• Korean: 망막 (ko) (mangmak)
• Lao: ຈັກຂຸປະສາດ (chak khu pa sāt)

• Latvian: tīklene f
• Lithuanian: tinklainė f
• Macedonian: мре́жница f (mréžnica)
• Malay: retina
• Maori: āhuahua, mata tuaroa
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: netthinne (no) m or f

  Nynorsk: netthinne f

• Persian: شبکیه‎ (fa) (šabakiyye)
• Polish: siatkówka (pl) f
• Portuguese: retina (pt) f
• Romanian: retină (ro) f
• Russian: сетча́тка (ru) f (setčátka), рети́на (ru) f (retína)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: ретина f, мрежница f, мрежњача f

  Roman: retina (sh), mrežnica (sh) f, mrežnjača f

• Slovak: sietnica f
• Slovene: mrežnica (sl) f
• Spanish: retina (es) f
• Swedish: näthinna (sv) c, retina (sv) c (formal)
• Tagalog: busilig
• Thai: จอตา (jor-dtaa)
• Turkish: ağ kat (tr), ağ tabaka (tr)
• Ukrainian: сіткі́вка f (sitkívka), рети́на f (retýna)
• Urdu: شبکیہ‎ (ur), ریٹنا‎ (reṭinā)
• Vietnamese: võng mạc (vi)
• Volapük: retin (vo)

Further reading

• retina on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Anagrams

• atrine, ratiné, retain, tanier, tearin', tin ear

---

Catalan

Noun

retina m (plural retines)

1. retina

---

Dutch

Etymology

From Medieval Latin rētina, the diminutive form of Latin rēte (“net”), probably from Vulgar Latin tunica *retina (literally “net-like tunic”), used to describe the blood vessel system at the back of the eye.

Pronunciation

• Audio

  (file)

• Hyphenation: re‧ti‧na

Noun

retina f or m (plural retina's, diminutive retinaatje n)

1. retina

   Synonym: netvlies

Anagrams

• traine

---

Finnish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈretinɑ/, [ˈre̞t̪inɑ]
• Rhymes: -etinɑ
• Syllabification: re‧ti‧na

Noun

retina

1. Synonym of verkkokalvo (“retina”)

Declension

Inflection of retina (Kotus type 13/katiska, no gradation)
nominative		retina	retinat
genitive		retinan	retinoiden retinoitten retinojen
partitive		retinaa	retinoita retinoja
illative		retinaan	retinoihin
		singular	plural
nominative		retina	retinat
accusative	nom.	retina	retinat
	gen.	retinan
genitive		retinan	retinoiden retinoitten retinojen retinainrare
partitive		retinaa	retinoita retinoja
inessive		retinassa	retinoissa
elative		retinasta	retinoista
illative		retinaan	retinoihin
adessive		retinalla	retinoilla
ablative		retinalta	retinoilta
allative		retinalle	retinoille
essive		retinana	retinoina
translative		retinaksi	retinoiksi
instructive		—	retinoin
abessive		retinatta	retinoitta
comitative		—	retinoineen

Possessive forms of retina (type katiska)
possessor	singular	plural
1st person	retinani	retinamme
2nd person	retinasi	retinanne
3rd person	retinansa

Anagrams

• arenti, aterin, tieran

---

Hungarian

Noun

retina

1. retina

---

Interlingua

Noun

retina (plural retinas)

1. retina

Related terms

• retinal

---

Italian

Etymology 1

The original sense (Etymology 2) of retina, but given a specific anatomical meaning.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈrɛtina/
• Hyphenation: rè‧ti‧na

Noun

retina f (plural retine)

1. (anatomy) retina

Derived terms

Derived terms

• retinene
• retinico

• retinite
• retinopatia

Etymology 2

rete +‎ -ina

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /reˈtina/
• Hyphenation: re‧tì‧na

Noun

retina f (plural retine) (Diminutive of: rete)

1. small net
2. hairnet

Verb

retina

1. third-person singular present indicative of retinare
2. second-person singular imperative of retinare

Anagrams

• anitre, entrai, intera, rinate, tenari, tirane

---

Latin

Etymology 1

An abbreviation of the Classical retināculum n, which, because it occurred almost exclusively in the plural (retinācula, -ōrum), was reinterpreted in its abbreviated form as a feminine, rather than a neuter, noun.

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈre.ti.na/, [ˈrɛ.t̪ɪ.na]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈre.ti.na/, [ˈrɛː.t̪i.na]

Noun

retina f (genitive retinae); first declension

1. (Medieval Latin) a rein (strap or rope attached to a bridle or bit, used to control an animal)

Declension

First-declension noun.

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	retina	retinae
Genitive	retinae	retinārum
Dative	retinae	retinīs
Accusative	retinam	retinās
Ablative	retinā	retinīs
Vocative	retina	retinae

References

• 2. RETINA in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)

Etymology 2

An etymologising spelling, closer to the word’s etymon, the Ancient Greek ῥητῑ́νη (rhētī́nē).

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /reːˈtiː.na/, [reːˈt̪iː.na]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /reˈti.na/, [rɛˈt̪iː.na]

Noun

rētīna f (genitive rētīnae); first declension

1. medieval spelling of rēsīna (“resin”)

Declension

First-declension noun.

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	rētīna	rētīnae
Genitive	rētīnae	rētīnārum
Dative	rētīnae	rētīnīs
Accusative	rētīnam	rētīnās
Ablative	rētīnā	rētīnīs
Vocative	rētīna	rētīnae

References

• 1. RETINA in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)

---

Portuguese

Verb

retina

1. first-person singular (eu) present subjunctive of retinir
2. third-person singular (ele and ela, also used with você and others) present subjunctive of retinir
3. third-person singular (você) affirmative imperative of retinir
4. third-person singular (você) negative imperative of retinir

---

Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /reˈtina/, [reˈt̪ina]

Noun

retina f (plural retinas)

1. retina