retina

See also: Retina and retiña

English

Illustration showing parts of the human eye, including the retina.

Etymology

From Medieval Latin retina, the diminutive form of Latin rete (“net”), probably from the Vulgar Latin phrase (tunica) *retina, literally "net-like tunic", used to describe the blood vessel system at the back of the eye. (Gerard of Cremona may have created this phrase as a translation for Arabic (ṭabaqa) shabakiyya "net-like layer", which translates Ancient Greek ἀμφιβληστροειδής (amphiblēstroeidḗs) (χιτών (khitṓn))).

Pronunciation

• (US) IPA^(key): /ˈɹɛt.ɨ.nə/

Noun

retina (plural retinas or retinae or retinæ)

1. (anatomy) The thin layer of cells at the back of the eyeball where light is converted into neural signals sent to the brain.

Derived terms

Derived terms

• detached retina
• retinal
• retinitis

• retinocentric
• retinopathy

Translations

thin layer of cells at the back of the eyeball

• Arabic: شَبَكِيَّة عَيْن‎‎ f (šabakiyyat ʿayn), شَبَكِيَّة‎‎ f (šabakiyya)
• Armenian: ցանցաթաղանթ (hy) (cʿancʿatʿałantʿ)
• Belarusian: сятча́тка f (sjatčátka)
• Bengali: রেটিনা (reţina)
• Bulgarian: рети́на f (retína)
• Burmese: မြင်လွှာ (mranghlwa)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 視網膜 (zh), 视网膜 (zh) (shìwǎngmó), 網膜 (zh), 网膜 (zh) (wǎngmó)

• Czech: sítnice (cs) f
• Danish: nethinde (da) c
• Dutch: netvlies (nl) n, retina (nl) (formal)
• Esperanto: retino
• Estonian: võrkkest
• Finnish: verkkokalvo (fi), retina (fi)
• French: rétine (fr) f
• German: Netzhaut (de) f, Retina (de) f
• Greek: αμφιβληστροειδής (el) m (amfivlistroeidís)
• Hebrew: רִשְׁתִּית‎‎ (he)
• Hindi: रेटिना (reṭinā)
• Hungarian: retina (hu), recehártya (hu)
• Indonesian: retina (id)
• Irish: reitine f
• Italian: retina (it) f
• Japanese: 網膜 (もうまく, mōmaku)
• Khmer: ចិត្របដ (cetraʔbat)
• Korean: 망막 (mangmak)
• Lao: ຈັກຂຸປະສາດ (chak khu pa sāt)

• Latvian: tīklene f
• Lithuanian: tinklainė f
• Macedonian: мре́жница f (mréžnica)
• Malay: retina
• Maori: āhuahua
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: netthinne (no) m, f

  Nynorsk: netthinne f

• Persian: شبکیه‎‎ (fa) (šabakiye)
• Polish: siatkówka (pl) f
• Portuguese: retina (pt) f
• Romanian: retină (ro) f
• Russian: сетча́тка (ru) f (setčátka), рети́на (ru) f (retína)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: ретина f, мрежница f, мрежњача f

  Roman: retina (sh), mrežnica (sh) f, mrežnjača f

• Slovak: sietnica f
• Slovene: mrežnica (sl) f
• Spanish: retina (es) f
• Swedish: näthinna (sv) c, retina (sv) c (formal)
• Tagalog: busilig
• Thai: จอตา (jor-dtaa)
• Turkish: ağ kat (tr), ağ tabaka (tr)
• Ukrainian: сіткі́вка f (sitkívka), рети́на f (retýna)
• Urdu: شبکیہ‎‎ (ur), ریٹنا‎‎ (reṭinā)
• Vietnamese: võng mạc (vi)
• Volapük: retin (vo)

Further reading

• retina on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Anagrams

• atrine, ratiné, retain, tanier, tearin', tin ear

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Catalan

Noun

retina m (plural retines)

1. retina

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Dutch

Etymology

From Medieval Latin rētina, the diminutive form of Latin rēte (“net”), probably from Vulgar Latin tunica *retina (literally “net-like tunic”), used to describe the blood vessel system at the back of the eye.

Pronunciation

• Audio

  (file)

• Hyphenation: re‧ti‧na

Noun

retina f, m (plural retina's, diminutive retinaatje n)

1. retina

   Synonym: netvlies

Anagrams

• traine

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Hungarian

Noun

retina

1. retina

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Italian

Etymology 1

The original sense (Etymology 2) of retina, but given a specific anatomical meaning.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈrɛtina/
• Hyphenation: rè‧ti‧na

Noun

retina f (plural retine)

1. (anatomy) retina

Derived terms

Derived terms

• retinene
• retinico

• retinite
• retinopatia

Etymology 2

rete +‎ -ina

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /reˈtina/
• Hyphenation: re‧tì‧na

Noun

retina f (plural retine) (Diminutive of: rete)

1. small net
2. hairnet

Verb

retina

1. third-person singular present indicative of retinare
2. second-person singular imperative of retinare

Anagrams

• anitre, entrai, intera, rinate, tenari, tirane

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Latin

Etymology 1

An abbreviation of the Classical retināculum n, which, because it occurred almost exclusively in the plural (retinācula, -ōrum), was reinterpreted in its abbreviated form as a feminine, rather than a neuter, noun.

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈre.ti.na/, [ˈrɛ.tɪ.na]

Noun

retina f (genitive retinae); first declension

1. (Medieval Latin) a rein (strap or rope attached to a bridle or bit, used to control an animal)

Declension

First declension.

Case	Singular	Plural
nominative	retina	retinae
genitive	retinae	retinārum
dative	retinae	retinīs
accusative	retinam	retinās
ablative	retinā	retinīs
vocative	retina	retinae

References

• 2. RETINA in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)

Etymology 2

An etymologising spelling, closer to the word’s etymon, the Ancient Greek ῥητῑ́νη (rhētī́nē).

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /reːˈtiː.na/

Noun

rētīna f (genitive rētīnae); first declension

1. medieval spelling of rēsīna (“resin”)

Declension

First declension.

Case	Singular	Plural
nominative	rētīna	rētīnae
genitive	rētīnae	rētīnārum
dative	rētīnae	rētīnīs
accusative	rētīnam	rētīnās
ablative	rētīnā	rētīnīs
vocative	rētīna	rētīnae

References

• 1. RETINA in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)

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Portuguese

Verb

retina

1. first-person singular present subjunctive of retinir
2. third-person singular present subjunctive of retinir
3. third-person singular imperative of retinir

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Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /reˈtina/, [reˈt̪ina]

Noun

retina f (plural retinas)

1. retina