naazhjaaʼ
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[edit]
Etymology[edit]
na- (atelic, circuital) + -z- (si-perfective 3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -jaaʼ (neuter perfective stem of root -JAAʼ, “to handle a profusion of objects”).
Verb[edit]
naazhjaaʼ
- they lie around somewhere, are located somewhere (groups of profusion of small, visually difficult to count objects as sand, seeds or pebbles)
Usage notes[edit]
This verb is limited to expression in the third person and refers to multiple groups of small items. Also occurs with distributive da- as ndaazhjaaʼ, referring to a greater plurality of groups.
For a single group, use the verb shijaaʼ.
This is a neuter verb that uses only the perfective stem.
Conjugation[edit]
Paradigm: Neuter perfective (si), third person only.
| PERFECTIVE | singular | plural | dist. plural |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3rd person | (shijaaʼ) | naazhjaaʼ | ndaazhjaaʼ |
Related terms[edit]
See also[edit]
| Navajo Classificatory Themes | Plural objects lie around (Handle stem) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Class | Examples | Handle | Propel | Moves | ||
| SRO | generic | ∅-ʼĄ́ | ∅-NEʼ | l-TSʼID | naazʼą́ | |
| SFO | rope; pairs; unknown; conglomerate |
∅-LÁ | ł / ∅ -DÉÉL | naazlá | ||
| FFO | sheet, paper | ł-TSOOZ | ∅-ʼAH | ∅-NAʼ | naastsooz | |
| SSO | stick, pole | ∅-TĄ́ | ł-TʼEʼ | ∅-KĘ́Ę́Z | naaztą́ | |
| AnO | animate, doll | ł-TĮ́ | ∅-GOʼ | ∅-TŁIZH | naaztį́ | |
| NCM | wig, hay; fog | ł / ł / ∅ -JOOL | naazhjool | |||
| MM | butter; frog | ∅-TŁÉÉʼ | ł-YĘ́Ę́ZH | naaztłééʼ | ||
| LPB | load, burden | ∅-YĮ́ | naazyį́ | |||
| PlO1 | severality | ∅-NIL | ni-∅ | -DEEʼ | naaznil | |
| PlO2 | profusion | ∅-JAAʼ | ł-KAAD | ∅-KAAD | naazhjaaʼ | |
| OC | severality/profusion in a container |
∅-KĄ́ | ł-DÁÁZ | naazką́ | ||
| Flat | toppled wall, blanket, bushes |
— | — | — | naazkaad | |
| Bulk | boulder | ł-ZHÓÓD | — | l-ZHÓÓD | naazhóód | |
| Stream | liquid, sand, dust | ∅-ZIID | — | — | naaziid | |
| Navajo Positional Themes | Plural objects in position (Intrans. Neuter) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Position | Number of participants |
Intransitive | Transitive | Root | |||
| Active | Neuter | Active | Neuter | ||||
| LIE | 1 | ni-∅- | ∅- | ni-ł- | ł- | -TĮ́ | naaztį́ |
| 2 | -TÉÉZH | naazhtéézh | |||||
| 3+ | -JÉÉʼ | naazhjééʼ | |||||
| SIT | 1 | ni-∅- | ∅- | ni-ł- | ł- | -DÁ | naazdá |
| 2 | -KÉ | naazké | |||||
| 3+ | dini-∅ | hí-(-TĄ́) | dini-ł | — | -BIN | naháaztą́ | |
| STAND | 1 | ni-∅- | ∅- | ni-ł- | ł- | -ZĮʼ | naazį́ |