pascha
Latin
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Ancient Greek πάσχα (páskha, “Passover”), from Aramaic פַּסְחָא (pasḥā), from Biblical Hebrew פֶּסַח (pésaḥ).
Pronunciation
[edit]- pascha:
- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): [ˈpas.kʰa]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): [ˈpas.ka]
- paschā:
- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): [ˈpas.kʰaː]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): [ˈpas.ka]
Noun
[edit]pascha n or f (genitive paschae or paschatis or paschatos); variously declined, first declension, third declension[1][2][3][4]
- Pascha / Passover or Easter
- the Paschal Lamb
Declension
[edit]| First-declension noun (neuter). | First declension noun (feminine). | Third declension noun (neuter).
|
Koine Greek πάσχα (páskha) was neuter and invariable in form; however, the Latin word is found with various declension patterns and genders:
- Inflection as a neuter noun of the first declension, although unique, is attested in a number of Christian sources. In sources where the genitive/dative singular is unattested, the nominative/accusative/ablative singular forms could instead be interpreted as examples of an invariable declension.
- It can also be found as a feminine first-declension noun, inflected regularly.
- The alternative third-declension stem paschat- was presumably created by analogy to third-declension neuter nouns from Greek that end in -ma and have stems in -mat-.
- The plural forms are rare (and some grammarians even describe the plural as lacking);[n 1] however, a neuter plural form pascha is attested in the commentary of Jerome on the book of Isiah ("tria pascha").
Derived terms
[edit]- pascha crucifīxiōnis (“pascha of the crucifixion, crucifixional pascha”)
- pascha resurrēctiōnis (“pascha of the resurrection, resurrectional pascha”)
- paschālis
Descendants
[edit]- Corsican: Pasqua
- Dalmatian: puoscua, puasc
- Eastern Romance:
- Emilian: Pasqua
- Italian: Pasqua
- Lombard: Pasqua
- Neapolitan: Pasca
- Old French: pasques, pasche, pasches, pasque
- Old Leonese:
- Asturian: pascua
- Old Occitan:
- Old Galician-Portuguese:
- Old Spanish:
- Rhaeto-Romance:
- Sardinian: Pasa
- Sicilian: Pasca, Pascua, Pasqua
- Venetan: Pàscua
- Borrowings
- → Albanian: pashkë
- → Basque: Pazkoa
- → English: Pascha
- → Hungarian: pászka
- → Middle Dutch: pasch, paesch
- → Middle High German: pāschen
- Central Franconian: Poosche
- → Old Irish: Cásc
- → Old Frisian:
- → Old Norse: páskar
- → Old Saxon: pāscha
- → Polish: Pascha, pascha
- → Proto-Brythonic: *Pask
- → Swahili: Pasaka
- → Tashelhit: tafaska
See also
[edit]Notes
[edit]- ^ Donatus Graecus a:[5] "Nominativo hoc Pascha, genitivo huius Paschae, dativo huic Paschae, accusativo hoc Pascha, vocativo o Pascha, ablativo ab hoc Pascha; pluralia non habet." Pompeius:[6] "Item in genere neutro numeri tantum modo pluralis, Saturnalia Vulcanalia Compitalia. Idcirco etiam debemus hoc animadvertere, quod aliquis obiecit. Quaerebatur "Pascha" cuius esset numeri. Dies festus est. Omnia nomina dierum festorum numeri sunt tantum pluralis, Vulcanalia Compitalia. Dicebat ille qui obiciebat etiam hoc numeri esse tantum pluralis. Sed sunt causae quae repugnant: primo, quod illa nomina in "ia" exeunt, Vulcanalia Saturnalia Compitalia, et habent principale suum, unde oriantur, Vulcanal Vulcanalia, Minerval Minervalia , Compital Compitalia, habent principale suum, unde oriantur; hoc non habet, nec ita exit in "ia", sed in "a". Deinde hoc nomen latinum est, a latinitate descendit; illud vero graecum est. Et novimus nomina graeca, quae ita exeunt apud Graecos, puta "colyma colymata, pegma pegmata, stemma stemmata". Ista neutralia quae sunt et sic exeunt, cum coeperint transire in numerum pluralem, necesse habent ut in "ta" exeant. Quo modo ergo vis esse hoc? Ut graecam sequaris rationem, aut ut latinam? Si graecam vis sequamur rationem, non habet numerum pluralem in "ta" exeuntem; si latinam, non habet "ia". Unde constat non esse numeri pluralis. Ergo sunt nomina numeri tantum pluralis, ut Minervalia Vulcanalia et similia."
References
[edit]- ^ Richard Haynes (1843), A Commentary on the Eton Latin Grammar, page 12: “Perhaps there is only one instance of a neuter noun of the first declension: viz., pascha—the passover”
- ^ Claude Lancelot (1761), Nouvelle méthode pour apprendre facilement la langue latine, page 49:
- Pascha, est du Neutre. : Pascha próximum, Pâque prochain; & se décline de la premiere ou de la troisiéme: Pascha, æ, Pascha, ătis. [...] les Grecs l'ont fait Neutre, parce qu'ils l'ont pris comme indéclinable [...] les Latins les ont suivis dans le Genre, quoiqu'ils ayent décliné ce nom, ou de la premiere, ou de la troisiéme
- Pascha, is of the neuter. : Pascha próximum, next Passover; and is declined in the first or the third: Pascha, æ, Pascha, ătis. [...] the Greeks made it neuter, because they took it as indeclinable [...] the Latins followed them in the gender, although they declined this noun, either in the first or in the third declension
- ^ Harting-Correa, Alice (1996), Walahfrid Strabo's Libellus de exordiis et incrementis quarundam in observationibus ecclesiasticis rerum: a translation and liturgical commentary, →ISBN, page 256: “492.33 LEGALE PASCHA PERFECIT: As was customary by the Carolingian period, Walahfrid treats pascha, paschae as a neuter noun, although Jerome and other fathers had declined the neuter pascha, paschatis”
- ^ Papias (11th century), Ars grammatica, De generibus nominum:
- Omnia nomina in "a" desinentia in nominativo, feminina sunt, ut "terra", preter propria virorum, ut "Catilina", vel officiorum pertinentium ad viros, ut "scriba", "nauta", "poeta", "propheta", vel fluviorum, ut "Caterona", et quadrupedum quedam promiscua, non solum feminina, sed etiam masculina, ut "talpa", "damma". Excipiuntur verbalia et utrique sexui convenientia et gentilia, ut "advena", "celicola", "Scitha", "Numida", que sunt communia. Excipiuntur quoque Greca tercie declinationis, ut "poema", "baptisma", et barbara, "alleluia", "Pascha, Pasche", "manna, manne", et nomina elementorum, "a", "h", "k", "alfa", necnon pluralia, ut "scamna", "bona", "milia", "arma", que omnia sunt neutra, preter indeclinabilia nomina numerorum, ut "triginta", "quadraginta", que sunt omnis generis.
- All nouns that end in "a" in the nominative case are feminine, such as "terra", except proper names of men, such as "Catalina", or names of offices pertaining to men, such as "scriba", "nauta", "poeta", "propheta", or of rivers, such as "Caterona", and names of certain epicene animals, not only feminine, but also masculine, such as "talpa", "damma". Excepted are verbal nouns and nouns suited to either sex and names of nationalities, such as "advena", "celicola", "Scitha", "Numida", which are common. Excepted also are Greek nouns of the third declension, such as "poema", "baptisma", and foreign nouns, "alleluia", "Pascha, Pasche", "manna, manne", and the names of letters of the alphabet, such as "a", "h", "k", "alfa", also plurals, such as "scamna", "bona", "milia", "arma", which all are neuter, except for indeclinable names of numbers, such as "triginta", "quadraginta", which are of every gender.
- ^ Federica Ciccolella (2008), Donati Graeci: Learning Greek in the Renaissance, Brill, page 271
- ^ Heinrich Keil (1857), Grammatici latini, volume 5, page 177
Further reading
[edit]- “pascha”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- "pascha", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- “pascha”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
Polish
[edit]
Alternative forms
[edit]- paska (Przemyśl, Western Lublin, Rozkopaczew, Eastern Lublin, Zamość County)
Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Russian па́сха (pásxa), from Ancient Greek πάσχα (páskha), from Aramaic פַּסְחָא (paskha), from Hebrew פֶּסַח (pésakh). Doublet of Pascha and Pesach.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]pascha f
- paskha (Easter dessert)
Declension
[edit]Declension of pascha
Related terms
[edit]adjective
Further reading
[edit]- pascha in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- pascha in Polish dictionaries at PWN
- Hieronim Łopaciński (1892), “pascha”, in “Przyczynki do nowego słownika języka polskiego (słownik wyrazów ludowych z Lubelskiego i innych okolic Królestwa Polskiego)”, in Prace Filologiczne (in Polish), volume 4, Warsaw: skł. gł. w Księgarni E. Wende i Ska, page 230
Swedish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Turkish paşa (“pasha”), from Ottoman Turkish پاشا (paşa).
Noun
[edit]pascha c
- a pasha (title)
Declension
[edit]| nominative | genitive | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | indefinite | pascha | paschas |
| definite | paschan | paschans | |
| plural | indefinite | paschor | paschors |
| definite | paschorna | paschornas |
See also
[edit]Categories:
- Latin terms derived from Biblical Hebrew
- Latin terms borrowed from Ancient Greek
- Latin terms derived from Aramaic
- Latin terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Latin 2-syllable words
- Latin terms with IPA pronunciation
- Latin lemmas
- Latin nouns
- Latin nouns with multiple declensions
- Latin first declension nouns
- Latin neuter nouns in the first declension
- Latin feminine nouns in the first declension
- Latin third declension nouns
- Latin neuter nouns in the third declension
- Latin feminine nouns in the third declension
- Latin neuter nouns
- Latin feminine nouns
- Latin nouns with multiple genders
- la:Holidays
- la:Christianity
- la:Judaism
- Polish terms borrowed from Russian
- Polish terms derived from Russian
- Polish terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Polish terms derived from Aramaic
- Polish terms derived from Hebrew
- Polish doublets
- Polish 2-syllable words
- Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Western Lublin Polish
- Polish terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:Polish/asxa
- Rhymes:Polish/asxa/2 syllables
- Polish terms with homophones
- Polish lemmas
- Polish nouns
- Polish feminine nouns
- pl:Desserts
- pl:Easter
- Swedish terms borrowed from Turkish
- Swedish terms derived from Turkish
- Swedish terms derived from Ottoman Turkish
- Swedish lemmas
- Swedish nouns
- Swedish common-gender nouns