penn

See also: Penn and penn-

Breton

Picture dictionary

penn

klopenn

empenn

lagad

fri

genoù

groñj

boc'h

skouarn

ividig

gouzoug

Click on labels in the image

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korf

korf

Etymology

From Middle Breton penn, from Old Breton penn, from Proto-Brythonic *penn, from Proto-Celtic *kʷennom.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pɛnː/

Noun

penn m (plural pennoù)

1. head
2. chief, leader
3. end

Mutation

Mutation of penn

	unmutated	soft	aspirate	hard
singular	penn	benn	fenn	unchanged
plural	pennoù	bennoù	fennoù	unchanged

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Breton.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Cornish

Picture dictionary

penn

klopen

ympynnyon

tal

lagas

abrans

tron

ganow

gweus

elgeth

gen

bogh

skovarn

er

konna

briansen

kil

Click on labels in the image

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korf

korf

Alternative forms

• pedn

Etymology

From Middle Cornish pen, from Old Cornish pen, from Proto-Brythonic *penn, from Proto-Celtic *kʷennom.

Pronunciation

• (Revived Middle Cornish) IPA^(key): [pɛnː]

Noun

penn m (plural pennow)

1. head
2. top, summit
3. end

Derived terms

• dres penn ha diwskovarn (“head over heels”)
• drog penn (“headache”)
• kyns penn (“within”)
• penn a-rag (“bow (of a ship)”)
• penn an fordh (“destination”)
• penn bobba (“idiot”)
• penn du (“blackhead, tadpole”)
• penn glin (“kneecap”)
• penn gwynn (“penguin”)
• penn hyns (“terminal”)
• penn kales (“stubborn, obstinate”)
• penn koog (“empty-headed, vacuous”)
• penn medhow (“drunkard”)
• penn pali (“blue tit”)
• penn pyst (“idiot”)
• penn rudh (“redhead”)
• penn sagh (“mumps”)
• penn tir (“headland”)
• penn war (“superior to”)
• penn ys (“head of corn”)
• penn- (“main, top, premier”)
• penn-aghel (“geographical pole”)
• penn-bloodh (“anniversary, birthday”)
• penn-dro (“dizziness, giddiness, nausea, vertigo”, noun)
• penn-dro (“dizzy, giddy, nauseous”, adjective)
• penn-drog (“wicked”)
• penn-seythen (“weekend”)
• penn-sogh (“hare-brained”)
• penncita (“capital city”)
• penndhyskador m (“headmaster, headteacher, principal”)
• penndhyskadores f (“headmistress, headteacher, principal”)
• penndoll (“dolphin, grampus whale, porpoise”)
• penndomereth (“hot-headedness”)
• penndomm (“hot-head”)
• penndroppya (“to nod”, verb)
• penneghlek (“polar”)
• penneglos (“cathedral”)
• pennek (“big-headed”)
• pennfenten (“source”)
• pennfros (“muzzle”)
• pennhembrenkyas (“general (army)”)
• pennkuntelles (“summit (meeting)”)
• pennlinen (“headline, heading”)
• pennlugarn (“headlight”)
• pennobereth (“masterpiece”)
• pennplas (“headquarters”)
• pennpusorn (“refrain”)
• pennrewl (“premise”)
• pennrewlys (“basics”)
• Pennroweth (“premiership”)
• Pennrynn Gwer (“Cape Verde”)
• Pennsans (“Penzance”)
• pennser (“architect”)
• pennseviges (“princess”)
• pennsevik (“prince”)
• pennskav (“dizzy”)
• pennskol (“university”)
• pennskrifa (“to edit”, verb)
• pennti (“small farmhouse”)
• pennvagas (“anemone”)
• pennvenyster (“premier, prime minister”)
• pennwari (“final”)
• toll an penn (“poll tax”)
• yn kettep penn (“individually”)

Mutation

Mutation of penn

unmutated	soft	aspirate	hard	mixed	mixed after 'th
penn	benn	fenn	unchanged	unchanged	unchanged

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Cornish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

German

Pronunciation

• Audio (Germany (Berlin)):

  (file)

Verb

penn

1. singular imperative of pennen
2. (colloquial) first-person singular present of pennen

Haitian Creole

Etymology

From French peindre.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pɛ̃n/

Verb

penn

1. to paint

Related terms

• pent
• penti
• pentire

Further reading

• Targète, Jean and Urciolo, Raphael G. Haitian Creole-English dictionary (1993; →ISBN)

Luxembourgish

Verb

penn

1. second-person singular imperative of pennen

Manx

Etymology

From Old Irish penn (“pen”), from Latin penna.

Noun

penn m (genitive singular penney, plural pennyn)

1. pen (a tool, originally made from a feather but now usually a small tubular instrument, containing ink used to write or make marks)

Derived terms

• penn leoaie m (“pencil”, literally “lead pen”)

Mutation

Mutation of penn

radical	lenition	eclipsis
penn	phenn	benn

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Manx.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Middle Welsh

Etymology

From Old Welsh penn, from Proto-Brythonic *penn, from Proto-Celtic *kʷennom.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pen/

Noun

penn

1. head
2. chief

Derived terms

• ympenn

Descendants

• Welsh: pen

Mutation

Mutated forms of penn

radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
penn	benn	penn / phenn pronounced with /m̥-/	phenn

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Middle Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Norwegian Bokmål

Noun

penn m (definite singular pennen, indefinite plural penner, definite plural pennene)

1. a pen (writing tool)

Derived terms

• fjærpenn
• fyllepenn
• kulepenn
• loddepenn
• pennen er mektigere enn sverdet
• pennesplitt
• pennestrøk
• splittpenn
• svipenn
• tusjpenn

References

• “penn” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
• “penn_1” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).

Norwegian Nynorsk

Noun

penn m (definite singular pennen, indefinite plural pennar, definite plural pennane)

1. a pen (writing tool)

Derived terms

• pennesplitt
• pennestrøk
• tusjpenn

Old English

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *pennō, *pannijō (“pin, bolt, nail, tack”), of uncertain origin, but perhaps related to pinn (“peg, pin”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /penn/, [pen]

Noun

penn m

1. pen, enclosure, fold

Old Irish

Etymology

From Latin penna (“feather”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpʲen̪/

Noun

penn f (genitive peinne, nominative plural penna)

1. pen (a tool, originally made from a feather but now usually a small tubular instrument, containing ink used to write or make marks)
   • c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 64^d4

Declension

Feminine ā-stem

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	pennL	peinnL	pennaH
vocative	pennL	peinnL	pennaH
accusative	peinnN	peinnL	pennaH
genitive	peinneH	pennL	pennN
dative	peinnL	pennaib	pennaib

Initial mutations of a following adjective:

• ^H = triggers aspiration
• ^L = triggers lenition
• ^N = triggers nasalization

Descendants

• Irish: peann
• Manx: penn
• Scottish Gaelic: peann

Mutation

Mutation of penn

radical	lenition	nasalization
penn	phenn or unchanged	penn pronounced with /bʲ-/

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “penn”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language