pinjam

Indonesian

Etymology

Inherited from Malay pinjam, from Classical Malay ڤينجم (pinjam), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hinzam, a variant of *həzam, from Proto-Austronesian *Səzam. The initial /p-/ is possibly influenced by the prefix per-.

Pronunciation

• (Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /ˈpind͡ʒam/ [ˈpiɲ.d͡ʒam]
• Rhymes: -ind͡ʒam
• Syllabification: pin‧jam

Verb

pinjam (active meminjam, passive dipinjam)

1. (transitive) to borrow

Derived terms

• meminjam
• meminjami
• meminjamkan
• peminjam (“borrower”)
• peminjaman (“the act of borrowing, loaning or lending”)
• pinjam-meminjam (“to borrow each other”)
• pinjaman (“something that is borrowed; borrowing, loan”)
• pinjami
• pinjamkan (“lend out”)

• pinjam mengganti
• pinjam pakai
• pinjam terjemah

References

• Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*Sezam”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

Further reading

• “pinjam”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016

Malay

Etymology

From Classical Malay ڤينجم (pinjam), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hinzam, a variant of *həzam, from Proto-Austronesian *Səzam. Compare Tagalog hirám (“borrowing”). The initial /p-/ is possibly influenced by the prefix per-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpind͡ʒam/ [ˈpiɲ.d͡ʒam]
• Rhymes: -ind͡ʒam, -am

Verb

pinjam (Jawi spelling ڤينجم)

1. to borrow

Derived terms

Affixed terms and other derivations

Regular affixed derivations:

• peminjam [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure] (peN-)
• peminjaman [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure + resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (peN- + -an)
• pinjaman [resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (-an)
• pinjamkan [causative benefactive] (-kan)
• pinjami [causative (locative) benefactive] (-i)
• meminjam [agent focus] (meN-)
• meminjamkan [agent focus + causative benefactive] (meN- + -kan)
• meminjami [agent focus + causative (locative) benefactive] (meN- + -i)
• dipinjam [patient focus] (di-)
• dipinjamkan [patient focus + causative benefactive] (di- + -kan)
• dipinjami [patient focus + causative (locative) benefactive] (di- + -i)
• terpinjam [agentless action] (teR-)

Descendants

• Indonesian: pinjam
• → Tok Pisin: piga

References

• Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*Sezam”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

Further reading

• "pinjam" in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu (PRPM) [Malay Literary Reference Centre (PRPM)] (in Malay), Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017