piper

See also: Piper

English

Etymology 1

From Middle English piper, pipere; equivalent to pipe +‎ -er. Piecewise doublet of fifer.

Pronunciation

(UK) IPA^(key): /ˈpaɪ.pə/
Audio (Southern England): (file)
(US) IPA^(key): /ˈpaɪ.pɚ/
(Canada) IPA^(key): /ˈpʌɪ.pɚ/
Rhymes: -aɪpə(ɹ)

Noun

piper (plural pipers)

A musician who plays a pipe.
A bagpiper.
- 2020 May 20, “Railway remembers VE Day with a series of tributes”, in Rail, page 15:
  At Glasgow Central and Edinburgh Waverley, the sounding of train horns was followed by a lone piper playing When the Battle's Over.
A baby pigeon.
A common European gurnard (Trigla lyra), having a large head, with prominent nasal projection, and with large, sharp, opercular spines.
A sea urchin (Cidaris cidaris) with very long spines, native to the American and European coasts.
A halfbeak (Hyporhamphus ihi) found in New Zealand.
(slang, obsolete) A broken-winded hack horse.

Synonyms

(bagpiper): bagpiper
(baby pigeon): squab, baby pigeon, pigeon chick

Derived terms

Related terms

Translations

musician who plays a pipe

Arabic: زَمَّار m (zammār)
Bulgarian: свира́ч m (sviráč)
Finnish: huilunsoittaja (fi), säkkipillinsoittaja
French: joueur de pipeau m, joueuse de pipeau f
Greek: αυλητής (el) m (avlitís)
Ancient Greek: αὐλητής m (aulētḗs), αὐλητρίς f (aulētrís)
Hebrew: חֲלִילָן (he) m (khalilán)
Hungarian: dudás (hu), sípos (hu)
Irish: píobaire m
Italian: pifferaio (it) m
Portuguese: flautista (pt) m or f
Romanian: fluierar (ro) m
Russian: ду́дочник (ru) m (dúdočnik), волы́нщик (ru) m (volýnščik) (bagpipes), флейти́ст (ru) m (flejtíst) (flautist)
Scottish Gaelic: pìobair m
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: фру̀ла̄ш m

Latin: frùlāš (sh) m
Turkish:
Ottoman Turkish: دودوكجی (düdükçü)
Ukrainian: ґа́йдар m (gájdar), дуда́р m (dudár)

bagpiper — see bagpiper

baby pigeon — see squab

Etymology 2

Noun

piper

Archaic form of pepper.

Anagrams

PIREP

Aromanian

Alternative forms

piperu, chiper

Etymology

From Greek πιπέρι (pipéri), from Ancient Greek πέπερι (péperi).

Noun

piper m

pepper (plant)
pepper (spice)

Derived terms

mpipiredz

French

Pronunciation

Audio (France (Toulouse)): (file)
Audio (France (Brétigny-sur-Orge)): (file)
Audio (France (Somain)): (file)

Verb

piper

to pipe (a bagpipe)

Conjugation

Conjugation of piper (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	compound	avoir + past participle
infinitive	simple	piper
present participle or gerund¹	simple	pipant /pi.pɑ̃/
present participle or gerund¹	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		pipé /pi.pe/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	pipe /pip/	pipes /pip/	pipe /pip/	pipons /pi.pɔ̃/	pipez /pi.pe/	pipent /pip/
	imperfect	pipais /pi.pɛ/	pipais /pi.pɛ/	pipait /pi.pɛ/	pipions /pi.pjɔ̃/	pipiez /pi.pje/	pipaient /pi.pɛ/
	past historic²	pipai /pi.pe/	pipas /pi.pa/	pipa /pi.pa/	pipâmes /pi.pam/	pipâtes /pi.pat/	pipèrent /pi.pɛʁ/
	future	piperai /pi.pʁe/	piperas /pi.pʁa/	pipera /pi.pʁa/	piperons /pi.pʁɔ̃/	piperez /pi.pʁe/	piperont /pi.pʁɔ̃/
	conditional	piperais /pi.pʁɛ/	piperais /pi.pʁɛ/	piperait /pi.pʁɛ/	piperions /pi.pə.ʁjɔ̃/	piperiez /pi.pə.ʁje/	piperaient /pi.pʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior²	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	pipe /pip/	pipes /pip/	pipe /pip/	pipions /pi.pjɔ̃/	pipiez /pi.pje/	pipent /pip/
(simple tenses)	imperfect²	pipasse /pi.pas/	pipasses /pi.pas/	pipât /pi.pa/	pipassions /pi.pa.sjɔ̃/	pipassiez /pi.pa.sje/	pipassent /pi.pas/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
(compound tenses)	pluperfect²	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	~~nous~~	~~vous~~	–
simple		—	pipe /pip/	—	pipons /pi.pɔ̃/	pipez /pi.pe/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
¹ The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
² In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Derived terms

References

“piper”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012

Latin

Etymology

Borrowed from Ancient Greek πέπερι (péperi, “pepper”), via Middle Persian from an Indo-Aryan source, ultimately from Sanskrit पिप्पलि (pippali, “long pepper”), itself of unknown origin (perhaps a Dravidian or other substrate language of the Indian subcontinent). The declension was changed to a rhotic-stem.

Pronunciation

(Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈpɪ.pɛr]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈpiː.per]

Noun

piper n (genitive piperis); third declension

pepper
- compiled by 5th century CE, Apicius, De Re Coquinaria 4.12:
  ...Et, cum siccaverint, super aspargis piper tritum et inferes. Ad mensam nemo agnoscet quid manducet.
  ...And, when they get dry, sprinkle mashed pepper on them, and serve. At the table, no one will know what they're eating.

Declension

Third-declension noun (neuter, imparisyllabic non-i-stem).

	singular	plural
nominative	piper	pipera
genitive	piperis	piperum
dative	piperī	piperibus
accusative	piper	pipera
ablative	pipere	piperibus
vocative	piper	pipera

Derived terms

Related terms

piperītis

Descendants

Italo-Romance:
- Dalmatian: pepro
- Italian: pepe
- Sicilian: pipi
  Calabrian: pipi, pipe
Padanian:
- Emilian: pavver, péivar, pévar, peuvre
- Friulian: pevar
- Ladin: peiver
- Ligurian: pèivie, pèivre, pèive, pêve
- Lombard: pever, pévar, péer, pìer, per, péivar
  Alpine: péuro
  
  Ossolano: péuro, pòvar
- Piedmontese: péiver, paivre, péure, paire, pèvre, pèive, pèivre, pòiver
- Romagnol: pévre, pévar, péivar, puéivar
- Romansh: paiver, peiver, pever
- Venetan: pévaro, pévar, pévare
- → Italian: pevere
- → Mòcheno: pever
Northern Gallo-Romance:
- Franco-Provençal: pêvro, pèivro
- Old French: poivre, peivre, peivere
  - French: poivre
  - Norman: paîvre, pêvre (Jersey) (Guernsey), pevr (Sark)
  - Walloon: poevrî
Southern Gallo-Romance:
- Aragonese: pebre
- Catalan: pebre
  - → Galician: prebe (“sauce, pepper”)
  - → Spanish: pebre
- Occitan: pebre
  Gascon: péber, púber
  
  Vivaro-Alpine: peure
  Valadas: pióre, piòure
Southern Romance
- African Romance: piper
- Sardinian: pibere, pibiri, pipere
→ Basque: piperra
→ Proto-West Germanic: *pipar, *piper, pipr
- Old English: pipor, piper
  - Middle English: peper
    - English: pepper (see there for further descendants)
    - Middle Scots: peper, pepar, pepir
      - Scots: pepper
    - Yola: pipper
- Old Frisian: piper
  - North Frisian: pöber
  - Saterland Frisian: Pieper
  - West Frisian: piper
- Old Saxon: *pipar
  - Middle Low German: pēper, pepper, pipper, pöpper
    - German Low German: Peper
    - Plautdietsch: Päpa
  - → Old Norse: piparr, pipari
    - Icelandic: pipar
    - Faroese: pipar
    - Norwegian:
      Norwegian Nynorsk: pepar
      Norwegian Bokmål: pepper
    - Old Swedish: pipar, pepar
      - Swedish: peppar
      - → Finnish: pippuri
        → Northern Sami: bihppor
        → Kildin Sami: пеһпарь (p’ehpar’)
    - Old Danish: pipær
      - Danish: peber
    - Elfdalian: pipär
    - → Estonian: pipar
    - → Latvian: pipars
- Old Dutch: *pipar
  - Middle Dutch: peper
    - Dutch: peper
      - Afrikaans: peper
      - Negerhollands: pepper
      - → Aukan: pepee
      - → Munsee: piipel
      - → Papiamentu: peper
      - → Saramaccan: pepè
      - → Unami: pèpël
    - Limburgish: paeper
- Old High German: pfeffar, pfeffur
  - Middle High German: pfeffer
    - Cimbrian: fèffar
    - German: Pfeffer
    - Hunsrik: Peffer
    - Luxembourgish: Peffer
    - Pennsylvania German: Peffer
    - Yiddish: פֿעפֿער (fefer)
→ Middle Irish: pipur
- Irish: piobar
- Manx: pibbyr
- Scottish Gaelic: peabar, piobar
→ Proto-Slavic: *pьpьrь
- East Slavic:
  - Old East Slavic: пьпьрь (pĭpĭrĭ)
    - ⇒ Old East Slavic: пьпьрьць (pĭpĭrĭcĭ)
      - Old Ruthenian: пе́рець (pérecʹ), пе́рецъ (pérecʹ)
        Belarusian: пе́рац (pjérac)
        Ukrainian: пе́рець (pérecʹ)
      - Russian: пе́рец (pérec), пе́рецъ (pérec) — pre-1918 spelling
        → Ingrian: pertsu
        → Kildin Sami: пе̄рэц (pierec)
        → Yakut: биэрэс (bieres)
- South Slavic:
  - Church Slavonic: пьпьрь (pĭpĭrĭ) (Serbian)
  - Serbo-Croatian:
    Cyrillic script: па̀пар
    Latin script: pàpar
  - Slovene: pópər, pŕpər, péper (tonal orthography)
- West Slavic:
  - Czech: pepř
  - Polabian: paṕår
  - Old Polish: pieprz, pierz
    - Polish: pieprz (noun)
  - Old Slovak: peper, pepr, piepor, piepr
    - Pannonian Rusyn: попер (poper)
    - Slovak: piepor
  - Sorbian:
    - Upper Sorbian: popjeŕ
    - Lower Sorbian: peṕeŕ, per
→ Translingual: Piper (learned)
→ Welsh: pupur

References

“piper”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“piper”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
“piper”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
“piper”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper’s Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
“piper”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin

Middle English

Etymology 1

From Old English pīpere; equivalent to pipe +‎ -ere (suffix forming agent nouns); compare Old Norse pípari and Old High German pfīfari.

Alternative forms

pipare, pipere, pyper, pypere, pypare

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈpiːpər(ə)/

Noun

piper (plural pipers)

A piper; one who plays a pipe.

Descendants

English: piper
Scots: piper
Yola: peepeare, pipere

References

“peper, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 4 January 2022.

Etymology 2

Noun

piper

alternative form of peper

Norman

Verb

piper

(Jersey, onomatopoeia) to peep

Norwegian Bokmål

Noun

piper m or f

indefinite plural of pipe

Norwegian Nynorsk

Alternative forms

pipur, pipor (old spelling or dialectal)
pipo (dialectal)

Noun

piper f

indefinite plural of pipe

Old English

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈpi.per/

Noun

piper m

alternative form of pipor

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from Bulgarian пипе́р (pipér), from Proto-Slavic *pьpьrь, from Latin piper, from Ancient Greek πέπερι (péperi), from Sanskrit पिप्पलि (pippali).

Pronunciation

Audio: (file)

Noun

piper m (plural piperi)

pepper (plant)
pepper (spice)

Declension

	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
	singular		plural
nominative-accusative	piper	piperul	piperi	piperii
genitive-dative	piper	piperului	piperi	piperilor
vocative	piperule		piperilor

Swedish

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈpiːpɛr/

Verb

piper

present indicative of pipa

Welsh

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈpɪpɪd/

Verb

piper

(literary) inflection of pipo (“to peep”):
1. impersonal subjunctive
2. impersonal imperative

Mutation

Mutated forms of *piper*
radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
piper	biper	mhiper	phiper

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

West Frisian

Etymology

From Old Frisian piper, from Proto-West Germanic *pipar.

Noun

piper c (plural pipers, diminutive piperke)

pepper (spice)

English

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Noun

Synonyms

Derived terms

Related terms

Translations

Etymology 2

Noun

Anagrams

Aromanian

Alternative forms

Etymology

Noun

Derived terms

See also

French

Pronunciation

Verb

Conjugation

Derived terms

References

Latin

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Derived terms

Related terms

Descendants

References

Middle English

Etymology 1

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Noun

Descendants

References

Etymology 2

Noun

Norman

Verb

Norwegian Bokmål

Noun

Norwegian Nynorsk

Alternative forms

Noun

Old English

Pronunciation

Noun

Romanian

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

See also

Swedish

Pronunciation

Verb

Welsh

Pronunciation

Verb

Mutation

West Frisian

Etymology

Noun

Further reading