prothesis

English

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /ˈpɹɒθəsɪs/

• Audio (Southern England):

  (file)

• (US) IPA^(key): /ˈpɹɔθəsɪs/, /ˈpɹɑθəsɪs/

Etymology 1

From Late Latin prothesis, prosthesis, alteration (dropping the ‘s’) from Ancient Greek πρόσθεσις (prósthesis, “addition, augmentation”), (English prosthesis) from προστίθημι (prostíthēmi, “I add”), from πρός (prós, “towards”) + τίθημι (títhēmi, “I place”), from Proto-Indo-European *próti, *préti + *dʰédʰeh₁- (“to be putting, to be placing”).

However, often confused for a descendant of the Ancient Greek word πρόθεσις (próthesis, “a preposing, preposition”) (without the σ (s)), which is instead the source of a different term – see alternative etymology, below.

Noun

prothesis (countable and uncountable, plural protheses)

1. (phonology) The prepending of phonemes at the beginning of a word without changing its morphological structure, as in Spanish esfera from Greek (via Latin) sphaera (“sphere”) (without prothesis the word would have become *sfera).

Synonyms

• prosthesis

Antonyms

• aphesis

Coordinate terms

• paragoge
• epenthesis

Derived terms

• h-prothesis
• orthesis
• t-prothesis

Related terms

• prosthesis

Translations

the addition of a sound or syllable at the beginning of a word without changing the word's meaning or the rest of its structure

• Arabic: إِبْدَاء m (ʔibdāʔ)
• Armenian: նախահավելված (hy) (naxahavelvac)
• Breton: rakkresk m
• Catalan: pròtesi (ca) f
• Danish: protese (da)
• Dutch: prosthesis f
• Finnish: proteesi (fi)
• French: prothèse (fr) f
• German: Prothese (de) f, Prosthese (de) f
• Greek: πρόσθεση (el) f (prósthesi)
• Hungarian: protézis (hu)
• Italian: prostesi (it) f
• Occitan: protèsi f, prostèsi f
• Persian: پیش‌هشت (piš-hašt, piš-hešt)
• Portuguese: prótese (pt) f
• Russian: проте́за (ru) f (protɛ́za)
• Spanish: prótesis (es) f, próstesis f
• Welsh: rhagosodiad m
• Irish: próistéis f

Etymology 2

From Ancient Greek πρόθεσις (próthesis, “a preposing”), from προτίθημι (protíthēmi, “I prepose”), from πρό (pró, “before”) + τίθημι (títhēmi, “I place”), from Proto-Indo-European *pro + *dʰédʰeh₁ti (“to be putting, to be placing”).

Noun

prothesis (countable and uncountable, plural protheses)

1. (Christianity) The preparation and preliminary oblation of the Eucharistic bread and wine in the Divine Liturgy of the Eastern Orthodox and Eastern Catholic Churches.
2. (by extension) Credence table.

Synonyms

• proskomide

Anagrams

• posterish, sophister, storeship

Latin

Alternative forms

• prosthesis

Etymology

Borrowed from Ancient Greek πρόσθεσις (prósthesis).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈprɔ.tʰɛ.sɪs]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈprɔː.te.s̬is]

Noun

prothesis f (genitive prothesis or protheseōs or prothesios); third declension

1. (New Latin) prothesis

Declension

Third-declension noun (Greek-type, i-stem).

	singular	plural
nominative	prothesis	prothesēs protheseis
genitive	prothesis protheseōs prothesios	prothesium
dative	prothesī	prothesibus
accusative	prothesim prothesin prothesem1	prothesēs prothesīs
ablative	prothesī prothese1	prothesibus
vocative	prothesis prothesi	prothesēs protheseis

¹Found sometimes in Medieval and New Latin.

Derived terms

• endoprothesis