Egyptian
Pronunciation
Verb
3-lit.
( intransitive or transitive ) to spit on (someone or something) (+ m : to spit on with (spittle, fire, etc.))
( intransitive (with r , ḥr , or n ) or transitive ) to spit on (something sick ) in order to heal it [since the Pyramid Texts]
( transitive ) to spit on (a person ) out of contempt [Middle Kingdom literature]
( transitive ) to spit on (something) in order to harm it [New Kingdom to Late Period]
( intransitive , with r or ḥr ) to spit on (Apophis or a representation of Apophis)
( transitive ) to spit out (+ m ḫt : to contemptuously spit out behind (something))
Inflection
Conjugation of psg (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: psg , geminated stem: psgg
infinitival forms
imperative
infinitive
negatival complement
complementary infinitive1
singular
plural
psg
psgw , psg
psgt
psg
psg
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem
periphrastic imperfective 2
periphrastic prospective 2
psg
ḥr psg
m psg
r psg
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood
active
passive
contingent
aspect / mood
active
passive
perfect
psg.n
psgw , psg
consecutive
psg.jn
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
terminative
psgt
perfective 3
psg
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
obligative1
psg.ḫr
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
imperfective
psg
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
prospective 3
psg
psgg
potentialis1
psg.kꜣ
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
subjunctive
psg
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood
relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
participles
active
passive
active
passive
perfect
psg.n
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
—
—
perfective
psg
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
psg
psg , psgw 5 , psgy 5
imperfective
psg , psgy , psgw 5
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
psg , psgj 6 , psgy 6
psg , psgw 5
prospective
psg , psgtj 7
—
psgtj 4 , psgt 4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f /.fj , feminine .s /.sj , dual .sn /.snj , plural .sn .
Only in the masculine singular.
Only in the masculine.
Only in the feminine.
Since the 18th Dynasty, this word is found metathesized as pgs .
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of psg
psg
psg
psgꜣ
psg
pgs
pgꜣs
[Pyramid Texts]
[Middle Kingdom]
[New Kingdom]
[New Kingdom]
[New Kingdom]
[New Kingdom]
in papyri
References
Erman, Adolf , Grapow, Hermann (1926 ) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache [1] , volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN , pages 555.4–555.14
Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962 ) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian , Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN , page 95