schapen

Dutch

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈsxaː.pə(n)/
Audio: (file)
Hyphenation: scha‧pen
Rhymes: -aːpən

Etymology 1

Verb

schapen

alternative form of scheppen

Conjugation

Conjugation of schapen (strong class 7)
infinitive	schapen
past singular	schiep
past participle	geschapen
infinitive	schapen
gerund	schapen n
	present tense	past tense
1st person singular	schaap	schiep
2nd person sing. (jij)	schaapt, schaap²	schiep
2nd person sing. (u)	schaapt	schiep
2nd person sing. (gij)	schaapt	schiept
3rd person singular	schaapt	schiep
plural	schapen	schiepen

subjunctive sing.¹	schape	schiepe
subjunctive plur.¹	schapen	schiepen

imperative sing.	schaap
imperative plur.¹	schaapt

participles	schapend	geschapen
¹⁾ Archaic. ²⁾ In case of inversion.

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

schapen

plural of schaap

Low German

Etymology

From Middle Low German scheppen, from Old Saxon skeppian.

Participle

schapen

past participle; created
- 1872, Fritz Reuter, Sämmtliche Werke. Elfter Band: Kein Hüsung. Sechste Auflage, page 217:
  So segg'n all De, de jedenfalls / In't Fett rin sitten bet taum Hals, / De in ehr vörnehm Wesen meinen, / Dat unser Herrgott Arm un Beinen / Von anner Lüd för sei hett schapen, / Dat s' noch mihr Fett tausawen schrapen, [...]
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Middle English

Alternative forms

chyppe, schape, schappen, shape, shapen, schyppe
schap (Late Middle English); shapenn (Ormulum)
schippe (Devon); scap, scape (Northern)

Etymology

Inherited from Old English sċieppan, sċeppan, from Proto-West Germanic *skappjan, from Proto-Germanic *skapjaną.

In Middle English, the present stem is often adjusted on the model of the past participle schapen (Old English ġesċapen) and other class 6 strong verbs; otherwise, the present stem usually shows the local reflex of /y/. This is easily explained as showing the Late West Saxon development of earlier /i͜y/ in Southern Middle English, but elsewhere it likely represents the raising and rounding of /e/ under the influence of the surrounding /ʃ/ and /p/; the same development apparently occured in -schipe, schippend, and schyppestere, variant of schapestere.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈʃaːpən/
IPA^(key): /ˈʃipən/, /ˈʃupən/ (especially Southern)
IPA^(key): /ˈʃɛpə/ (Kent)

Verb

schapen (third-person singular simple present schapeth, present participle schapynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative schop, past participle schapen)

(transitive) To create or devise; to bring into existence:
Synonyms: formen, worchen
1. To shape; to create in a particular shape or style.
  - 1387–1400, [Geoffrey] Chaucer, “The Prologe of the Tale of the Wẏf of Bathe”, in The Tales of Caunt́bury (Hengwrt Chaucer; Peniarth Manuscript 392D), Aberystwyth, Ceredigion: National Library of Wales, published [c. 1400–1410], →OCLC, folio 59, verso:
    Crıſt was a maẏde / and shapen as a man / And many a Seẏnt sıth / that the woꝛld bıgan / ẏet lẏued theẏ euere / ın ꝑfıt Chaſtıtee
    Christ was a virgin and shaped like a man, / like many saints since when the world began, / but they always lived in perfect chastity.
2. To depict or portray (an object)
3. To name or call; to give a name.
4. To produce sounds or a written work.
(transitive, catenative) To cause or bring about; to put into effect:
1. To arrange or establish (a condition or institution)
2. To arrange or ensure (so that something happens)
3. To destine or ordain (that something will happen)
4. (impersonal) To happen or occur; to take place.
(transitive) To convert or change; to make into another thing.
1. To direct or guide; to design around oneself.
2. (rare, ambitransitive) To put on clothes.
  - c. 1378-9, [William Langland], “[Prologue]”, in [Piers Plowman, A Treatise on Sin] (W, B-text), London, published c. 1400, →OCLC, folio 1, recto; republished as Thorlac Turville-Petre, Hoyt N. Duggan, editors, Cambridge, Trinity College, MS B.15.17 (The Piers Plowman Electronic Archive; 2), SEENET, 2014, →ISBN:
    IN a somer seſon. whan softe was þe sonne. / I shoop me ın to shroudes. as I a sheep weere.
    During the summertime, when the sun was soft, / I put myself in clothes so I was like a sheep.
(ambitransitive) To travel or journey (somewhere):
1. (reflexive) To take oneself; to go and do.

Usage notes

A strong class 7 first- and third-person singular past indicative schep is occasionally found.

Conjugation

Conjugation of *schapen* (strong class 6 or weak in -ed/-te)
	present tense	past tense
infinitive	(to) schapen, schape

1st-person singular	schape	schop, schaped, schapte
2nd-person singular	schapest	schope¹, schapedest, schaptest
3rd-person singular	schapeth, schapth	schop, schaped, schapte
subjunctive singular	schape	schope², schaped², schapte²
imperative singular	schape	—

plural³	schapen, schape	schopen, schope, schapeden, schapede, schapten, schapte
imperative plural	schapeth, schape	—

participles	schapynge, schapende	schapen, schape, schaped, schapt, yschapen, yschape

¹ Later replaced by the 1st-/3rd-person singular or schopest.
² Later replaced by the indicative.
³ Sometimes used as a formal 2nd-person singular.

Related terms

Descendants

English: shape
Middle Scots: schaip, schape
- Scots: shape

References

“shāpen, v.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
d'Ardenne, S[imonne] R. T. O. (1961) [1936], “Etymological Appendix”, in Þe Liflade ant te Passiun of Seinte Iuliene (Early English Text Society; 248), London: Oxford University Press for the Early English Text Society, →OCLC, page 164.
Logan, H[arry] M. (1973), “IV. Phonology”, in The dialect of the Life of Saint Katherine: A linguistic study of the phonology and inflections (Janua Linguarum. Series Practica; 130), The Hague: Mouton, →OCLC, page 119.
Rettger, James Frederick (1934), “The Development of Ablaut in the Strong Verbs of the East Midland Dialects of Middle English”, in Language (Language Dissertations; 16)‎^[1], volume 10, number 4, Philadelphia: Linguistic Society of America, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC, part 2 (Special and Irregular Verbs), chapter 6 (Verbs of Class VI), page 154.