tidur

See also: tíður

Indonesian

Etymology

Inherited from Malay tidur, from Proto-Malayic *tidur, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tuduʀ, from Proto-Austronesian *tuduR.

Pronunciation

• (Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /ˈtidur/ [ˈt̪i.dʊr]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -idur
• Syllabification: ti‧dur

Verb

tidur

1. to sleep
   1. to rest in a state of reduced consciousness
   2. (idiomatic, euphemistic) to have sexual intercourse
2. (figuratively, usually of an non-animate object) to lie down (to take on a horizontal position)

   Synonyms: berbaring, terbaring

3. (figuratively, usually of a non-animate object) to be unactive (to be not active, temporarily or permanently)

Conjugation

Conjugation of tidur (meng-, intransitive)

root	tidur
	active	passive		basic imperative	emphatic jussive
		reflective1	ordinary
	ordinary
nominative	tidur	tertidur	–	tidur	tidurlah
accusative / dative / locative	meniduri	tertiduri	ditiduri	tiduri	tidurilah
perfective causative / applicative2	menidurkan	tertidurkan	ditidurkan	tidurkan	tidurkanlah
	causative
nominative	–	–	–	–	–
accusative / dative / locative	–	–	–	–	–
perfective causative / applicative2	–	–	–	–	–

¹ There is another form of reflective passive verb with affixation of ke- -an which is not included in the table. This form is only attested in active voice without causative affixation of per-.
² The -kan row is either causative or applicative. With transitive roots it mostly has applicative meaning.
Some of these forms do not normally exist or are rarely used in standard Indonesian. Some forms may also change meaning.

Noun

tidur (plural tidur-tidur)

1. sleep:
   1. (uncountable, physiology) the state of reduced consciousness during which a human or animal rests in a daily rhythm
   2. (countable) an act or instance of sleeping
   3. (uncountable, computing, electronics) a low power mode for electronic devices such as computers, televisions, and remote controlled devices
2. (uncountable, figurative) inactivity (of volcano)

Derived terms

• berseketiduran
• ketidur-tiduran
• ketiduran
• meniduri
• menidurkan
• penidur
• peniduran
• petiduran
• seketiduran
• tertidur
• tertiduri
• tidur-tidur
• tidur-tiduran
• tiduran

• tidur ayam
• tidur cantik
• tidur panjang
• tidur paradoksial

References

• Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*tuduR”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

Further reading

• “tidur”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016

Malay

Alternative forms

• tidok, tiduk (dialectal)
• tido (schwa-variety pronunciation spelling)
• tdo (Internet, text messaging)

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayic *tidur, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tuduʀ, (compare Sundanese tunduh, Tagalog tulog), from Proto-Austronesian *tuduR.

Pronunciation

• (Southern Peninsular Malaysia Standard) IPA^(key): /ˈtido(r)/ [ˈt̪i.do(r)]

  • Audio (Malaysia):

    (file)

  • Rhymes: -ido(r), -do(r), -o(r)

• (Literary Standard) IPA^(key): /ˈtidur/ [ˈt̪i.dur]
  • Rhymes: -idur, -dur, -ur
• Hyphenation: ti‧dur

Verb

tidur (Jawi spelling تيدور)

1. to sleep (to rest in state of reduced consciousness)

Noun

tidur (Jawi spelling تيدور, plural tidur-tidur or tidur²)

1. sleep (state of reduced consciousness)

Derived terms

Affixations

• berseketiduran
• ketidur-tiduran
• ketiduran
• meniduri
• menidurkan
• penidur
• petiduran
• seketiduran
• setiduran
• tertidur

Compounds

• bangun tidur
• beg tidur
• kaki tidur
• kantung tidur
• masuk tidur
• tidur ayam
• tidur lelap
• tidur mati

Proverbs

• bagai tidur di atas miang
• tidur tak lelap, makan tak kenyang

Descendants

• > Indonesian: tidur (inherited)

Further reading

• "tidur" in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu (PRPM) [Malay Literary Reference Centre (PRPM)] (in Malay), Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017
  (also see "tidur" at PRPM first version)