turha
Finnish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Unknown. Cognate with Ingrian turha and Kukkuzi turha.
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]turha (comparative turhempi, superlative turhin)
- futile, in vain (incapable of producing results)
- Synonyms: hyödytön, tulokseton, tarpeeton
- Hänen ponnistelunsa osoittautuivat turhaksi.
- His efforts proved futile.
- Työmme ei ollut turhaa.
- Our work was not in vain.
- 1992, Timo Koivusalo, “Kuurankukka”, in Joel Hallikainen, performed by Joel Hallikainen:
- Turhaa, aivan turhaa
On jälkiänsä käydä seuraamaan- (It's) futile, all too futile
to start following one's own footsteps
- (It's) futile, all too futile
- pointless, useless, unnecessary, purposeless, needless (lacking purpose or need)
- Synonyms: tarpeeton, tarkoitukseton
- Hän aloitti kantansa perustelun, vaikka tiesikin sen turhaksi.
- He began backing up his opinion, although he knew it was pointless.
- Miten niin tämä on turha ostos?
- How is this an useless purchase?
- Jättämällä turhat lisävarusteet pois säästää rahaa.
- You can save money by leaving out unnecessary accessories.
- unfounded, unjustified (lacking justification)
- Synonyms: aiheeton, perusteeton, tarpeeton
- Joukkue osoitti aiemmat epäilykset tasostaan turhiksi.
- The team proved that earlier doubts about their level were unfounded.
- uncalled-for, unwarranted (not deserved or justified)
- Synonym: kohtuuton
- Tuo oli aivan turha kommentti.
- That comment was completely unwarranted.
Declension
[edit]| Inflection of turha (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | turha | turhat | |
| genitive | turhan | turhien | |
| partitive | turhaa | turhia | |
| illative | turhaan | turhiin | |
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | turha | turhat | |
| accusative | nom. | turha | turhat |
| gen. | turhan | ||
| genitive | turhan | turhien turhain rare | |
| partitive | turhaa | turhia | |
| inessive | turhassa | turhissa | |
| elative | turhasta | turhista | |
| illative | turhaan | turhiin | |
| adessive | turhalla | turhilla | |
| ablative | turhalta | turhilta | |
| allative | turhalle | turhille | |
| essive | turhana | turhina | |
| translative | turhaksi | turhiksi | |
| abessive | turhatta | turhitta | |
| instructive | — | turhin | |
| comitative | — | turhine | |
Derived terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “turha”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 3 July 2023
Anagrams
[edit]Hungarian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From dialectal Transylvanian Hungarian torha (“soft, rotten, putrid”), ultimately of uncertain origin.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]turha (usually uncountable, plural turhák)
- (slang) dense saliva mixed with phlegm or nasal mucus, sputum
- Synonym: slejm
- Ülök a buszon, erre mellettem a fazon az ülésre keni a turháját, majdnem összehánytam magam tőle. ― I'm sitting on the bus, when the dude next to me smears his sputum on the seat, I almost vomited because of him.
- 1922, Zsigmond Móricz, chapter VII, in Tündérkert [Fairy Garden][2], Athenaeum:
- Csonka Bálint egy nagy turhát kiköpött, ennyi volt a reggeli tisztálkodása.
- Bálint Csonka expectorated a big sputum, that was his morning ablutions.
Declension
[edit]| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | turha | turhák |
| accusative | turhát | turhákat |
| dative | turhának | turháknak |
| instrumental | turhával | turhákkal |
| causal-final | turháért | turhákért |
| translative | turhává | turhákká |
| terminative | turháig | turhákig |
| essive-formal | turhaként | turhákként |
| essive-modal | — | — |
| inessive | turhában | turhákban |
| superessive | turhán | turhákon |
| adessive | turhánál | turháknál |
| illative | turhába | turhákba |
| sublative | turhára | turhákra |
| allative | turhához | turhákhoz |
| elative | turhából | turhákból |
| delative | turháról | turhákról |
| ablative | turhától | turháktól |
| non-attributive possessive – singular |
turháé | turháké |
| non-attributive possessive – plural |
turháéi | turhákéi |
| possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
|---|---|---|
| 1st person sing. | turhám | turháim |
| 2nd person sing. | turhád | turháid |
| 3rd person sing. | turhája | turhái |
| 1st person plural | turhánk | turháink |
| 2nd person plural | turhátok | turháitok |
| 3rd person plural | turhájuk | turháik |
Derived terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- turha in Géza Bárczi, László Országh, et al., editors, A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN.
- turha in Károly Gerstner, editor, Új magyar etimológiai szótár [New Etymological Dictionary of Hungarian] (ÚESz.), Online edition (beta version), Budapest: MTA Research Institute for Linguistics / Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics, 2011–2025.
- turha and (with subscription) turha in Ferenc Pusztai, editor, Magyar értelmező kéziszótár [A Concise Explanatory Dictionary of Hungarian] (ÉKsz.2), 2nd, expanded and revised edition, Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2003 (online searchable version under development).
- turha in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (’Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’), Second, revised and expanded edition, Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2021, →ISBN. (See also the PDF of its 1st edition.)
Ingrian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Unknown. Cognate with Finnish turha.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈturɑ/, [ˈturɑˑ]
- (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈturhɑ/, [ˈturɣ̥ɑ]
- Rhymes: -urɑ, -urhɑ
- Hyphenation: tur‧ha
Adjective
[edit]turha (comparative turhemp)
Declension
[edit]| Declension of turha (type 3/koira, no gradation) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | turha | turhat |
| genitive | turhan | turhiin |
| partitive | turhaa | turhia |
| illative | turhaa | turhii |
| inessive | turhaas | turhiis |
| elative | turhast | turhist |
| allative | turhalle | turhille |
| adessive | turhaal | turhiil |
| ablative | turhalt | turhilt |
| translative | turhaks | turhiks |
| essive | turhanna, turhaan | turhinna, turhiin |
| exessive1) | turhant | turhint |
| 1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive. | ||
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- Ruben E. Nirvi (1971), Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 609
Votic
[edit]
The spelling of this entry has been normalized from turhaa according to the principles established by Wiktionary's editor community as described at Wiktionary:Votic entry guidelines or recent spelling standards of the language.
Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Adverb
[edit]turha
References
[edit]Categories:
- Finnish terms with unknown etymologies
- Finnish 2-syllable words
- Finnish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Finnish/urhɑ
- Rhymes:Finnish/urhɑ/2 syllables
- Finnish lemmas
- Finnish adjectives
- Finnish terms with usage examples
- Finnish terms with quotations
- Finnish koira-type nominals
- Hungarian terms with unknown etymologies
- Hungarian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Hungarian/hɒ
- Rhymes:Hungarian/hɒ/2 syllables
- Hungarian uncountable nouns
- Hungarian lemmas
- Hungarian nouns
- Hungarian slang
- Hungarian terms with usage examples
- Hungarian terms with quotations
- Ingrian terms with unknown etymologies
- Ingrian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Ingrian/urɑ
- Rhymes:Ingrian/urɑ/2 syllables
- Rhymes:Ingrian/urhɑ
- Rhymes:Ingrian/urhɑ/2 syllables
- Ingrian lemmas
- Ingrian adjectives
- Votic terms borrowed from Ingrian
- Votic terms derived from Ingrian
- Votic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Votic/urhɑː
- Rhymes:Votic/urhɑː/2 syllables
- Votic lemmas
- Votic adverbs