vortex theory

English

Noun

vortex theory (uncountable)

1. (physics, historical) An obsolete scientific theory, chiefly developed by René Descartes, which attempted to explain celestial mechanics and the phenomena now described as gravitation by positing a system of fluid vortices governed by centrifugal forces and extending outwards from the sun.
   • 1953, Aram Vartanian, Diderot and Descartes: A Study of Scientific Naturalism in the Enlightenment, pages 83–84:

     Roger Cotes, in a preface to the first English edition of the Principia in 1729, argued that vortex-theory, with its notion of the plenum and its ambition to explain natural effects on exclusively physical grounds, made no allowance for, and could not be fitted into, a teleological scheme of any kind.

   • 2000, Stephen Gaukroger, “The foundational role of hydrostatics and statics in Descartes’ natural philosophy”, in Stephen Gaukroger, John Schuster, John Sutton, editors, Descartes’ Natural Philosophy, →ISBN, page 71:

     Still, it cannot be denied that the fortunes of vortex theory eclipsed radically with the publication of Newton’s Principia.

   • 2021, Stathis Psillos, “From the Evidence of History to the History of Evidence: Descartes, Newton, and Beyond”, in Timothy D. Lyons, Peter Vickers, editors, Contemporary Scientific Realism: The Challenge from the History of Science, →ISBN, page 79:

     Christiaan Huygens came to doubt the vortex theory “which formerly appeared very likely” to him.

2. The vortex theory of the atom: a theory by Lord Kelvin, to explain why there are relatively few types of atom, but a huge number of each type.
3. Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see vortex,‎ theory.

Further reading

• Mechanical explanations of gravitation § Vortex theory on Wikipedia.Wikipedia