βιάζω
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Ancient Greek
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /bi.áz.dɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /biˈa.zo/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /βiˈa.zo/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /viˈa.zo/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /viˈa.zo/
Verb
[edit]βῐάζω • (biázō)
Conjugation
[edit] Present: βῐᾰ́ζω
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | βῐᾰ́ζω | βῐᾰ́ζεις | βῐᾰ́ζει | βῐᾰ́ζετον | βῐᾰ́ζετον | βῐᾰ́ζομεν | βῐᾰ́ζετε | βῐᾰ́ζουσῐ(ν) | ||||
subjunctive | βῐᾰ́ζω | βῐᾰ́ζῃς | βῐᾰ́ζῃ | βῐᾰ́ζητον | βῐᾰ́ζητον | βῐᾰ́ζωμεν | βῐᾰ́ζητε | βῐᾰ́ζωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | βῐᾰ́ζοιμῐ | βῐᾰ́ζοις | βῐᾰ́ζοι | βῐᾰ́ζοιτον | βῐᾰζοίτην | βῐᾰ́ζοιμεν | βῐᾰ́ζοιτε | βῐᾰ́ζοιεν | |||||
imperative | βῐ́ᾰζε | βῐᾰζέτω | βῐᾰ́ζετον | βῐᾰζέτων | βῐᾰ́ζετε | βῐᾰζόντων | |||||||
active | |||||||||||||
infinitive | βῐᾰ́ζειν | ||||||||||||
participle | m | βῐᾰ́ζων | |||||||||||
f | βῐᾰ́ζουσᾰ | ||||||||||||
n | βῐᾰ́ζον | ||||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Imperfect: ἐβῐ́ᾰζον
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἐβῐ́ᾰζον | ἐβῐ́ᾰζες | ἐβῐ́ᾰζε(ν) | ἐβῐᾰ́ζετον | ἐβῐᾰζέτην | ἐβῐᾰ́ζομεν | ἐβῐᾰ́ζετε | ἐβῐ́ᾰζον | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Future: βῐᾰ́σω
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | βῐᾰ́σω | βῐᾰ́σεις | βῐᾰ́σει | βῐᾰ́σετον | βῐᾰ́σετον | βῐᾰ́σομεν | βῐᾰ́σετε | βῐᾰ́σουσῐ(ν) | ||||
optative | βῐᾰ́σοιμῐ | βῐᾰ́σοις | βῐᾰ́σοι | βῐᾰ́σοιτον | βῐᾰσοίτην | βῐᾰ́σοιμεν | βῐᾰ́σοιτε | βῐᾰ́σοιεν | |||||
active | |||||||||||||
infinitive | βῐᾰ́σειν | ||||||||||||
participle | m | βῐᾰ́σων | |||||||||||
f | βῐᾰ́σουσᾰ | ||||||||||||
n | βῐᾰ́σον | ||||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Aorist: ἐβῐ́ᾰσᾰ
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἐβῐ́ᾰσᾰ | ἐβῐ́ᾰσᾰς | ἐβῐ́ᾰσε(ν) | ἐβῐᾰ́σᾰτον | ἐβῐᾰσᾰ́την | ἐβῐᾰ́σᾰμεν | ἐβῐᾰ́σᾰτε | ἐβῐ́ᾰσᾰν | ||||
subjunctive | βῐᾰ́σω | βῐᾰ́σῃς | βῐᾰ́σῃ | βῐᾰ́σητον | βῐᾰ́σητον | βῐᾰ́σωμεν | βῐᾰ́σητε | βῐᾰ́σωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | βῐᾰ́σαιμῐ | βῐᾰ́σειᾰς, βῐᾰ́σαις |
βῐᾰ́σειε(ν), βῐᾰ́σαι |
βῐᾰ́σαιτον | βῐᾰσαίτην | βῐᾰ́σαιμεν | βῐᾰ́σαιτε | βῐᾰ́σειᾰν, βῐᾰ́σαιεν | |||||
imperative | βῐ́ᾰσον | βῐᾰσᾰ́τω | βῐᾰ́σᾰτον | βῐᾰσᾰ́των | βῐᾰ́σᾰτε | βῐᾰσᾰ́ντων | |||||||
active | |||||||||||||
infinitive | βῐᾰ́σαι | ||||||||||||
participle | m | βῐᾰ́σᾱς | |||||||||||
f | βῐᾰ́σᾱσᾰ | ||||||||||||
n | βῐᾰ́σᾰν | ||||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Perfect: βεβῐ́ᾰκᾰ
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | βεβῐ́ᾰκᾰ | βεβῐ́ᾰκᾰς | βεβῐ́ᾰκε(ν) | βεβῐᾰ́κᾰτον | βεβῐᾰ́κᾰτον | βεβῐᾰ́κᾰμεν | βεβῐᾰ́κᾰτε | βεβῐᾰ́κᾱσῐ(ν) | ||||
subjunctive | βεβῐᾰ́κω | βεβῐᾰ́κῃς | βεβῐᾰ́κῃ | βεβῐᾰ́κητον | βεβῐᾰ́κητον | βεβῐᾰ́κωμεν | βεβῐᾰ́κητε | βεβῐᾰ́κωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | βεβῐᾰ́κοιμῐ, βεβῐᾰκοίην |
βεβῐᾰ́κοις, βεβῐᾰκοίης |
βεβῐᾰ́κοι, βεβῐᾰκοίη |
βεβῐᾰ́κοιτον | βεβῐᾰκοίτην | βεβῐᾰ́κοιμεν | βεβῐᾰ́κοιτε | βεβῐᾰ́κοιεν | |||||
imperative | βεβῐ́ᾰκε | βεβῐᾰκέτω | βεβῐᾰ́κετον | βεβῐᾰκέτων | βεβῐᾰ́κετε | βεβῐᾰκόντων | |||||||
active | |||||||||||||
infinitive | βεβῐᾰκέναι | ||||||||||||
participle | m | βεβῐᾰκώς | |||||||||||
f | βεβῐᾰκυῖᾰ | ||||||||||||
n | βεβῐᾰκός | ||||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Pluperfect: ἐβεβῐᾰ́κειν
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἐβεβῐᾰ́κειν, ἐβεβῐᾰ́κη |
ἐβεβῐᾰ́κεις, ἐβεβῐᾰ́κης |
ἐβεβῐᾰ́κει(ν) | ἐβεβῐᾰ́κετον | ἐβεβῐᾰκέτην | ἐβεβῐᾰ́κεμεν | ἐβεβῐᾰ́κετε | ἐβεβῐᾰ́κεσᾰν | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Further reading
[edit]- “βιάζω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- βιάζω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- βιάζω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- “βιάζω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “βιάζω”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G971 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- compel idem, page 150.
- constrain idem, page 165.
- cut idem, page 192.
- drive idem, page 253.
- force idem, page 335.
- hard idem, page 385.
- impel idem, page 419.
- make idem, page 508.
- overpower idem, page 586.
- press idem, page 637.
- push idem, page 660.
- shove idem, page 769.
- sorely idem, page 795.
- struggle idem, page 828.
- violence idem, page 953.
- violent idem, page 953.
- way idem, page 968.
- win idem, page 980.
Greek
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek βιάζω (biázō, “to use violence, to force”). The forced sexual intercourse sense is from Byzantine Greek[1] and a semantic loan from French violer.[2]
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]βιάζω • (viázo) (past βίασα, passive βιάζομαι, p‑past βιάστηκα, ppp βιασμένος)
- (transitive) to force, pressure
- Μην βιάζεις το παιδί, θα φάει όταν είναι έτοιμο.
- Min viázeis to paidí, tha fáei ótan eínai étoimo.
- Don't pressure the child, he'll eat when he's ready.
- (transitive) to rape, violate, ravish (to force sexual intercourse or other sexual activity without consent)
- Κατηγορείται ότι βίασε δεκαεξάχρονη κοπέλα.
- Katigoreítai óti víase dekaexáchroni kopéla.
- He is accused of raping a sixteen-year-old girl.
- (figuratively) to rape (to plunder, to destroy or despoil)
- Ο πόλεμος βίασε την όμορφη χώρα μας και την κατάντησε έρημο τοπίο.
- O pólemos víase tin ómorfi chóra mas kai tin katántise érimo topío.
- The war has ravaged our beautiful country and turned it into a deserted landscape.
Conjugation
[edit]βιάζω βιάζομαι (stem pronounced as 3 syllables)
Active voice ➤ | Passive voice ➤ | |||
Indicative mood ➤ | Imperfective aspect ➤ | Perfective aspect ➤ | Imperfective aspect | Perfective aspect |
Non-past tenses ➤ | Present ➤ | Dependent ➤ | Present | Dependent |
1 sg | βιάζω | βιάσω | βιάζομαι | βιαστώ |
2 sg | βιάζεις | βιάσεις | βιάζεσαι | βιαστείς |
3 sg | βιάζει | βιάσει | βιάζεται | βιαστεί |
1 pl | βιάζουμε, [‑ομε] | βιάσουμε, [‑ομε] | βιαζόμαστε | βιαστούμε |
2 pl | βιάζετε | βιάσετε | βιάζεστε, βιαζόσαστε | βιαστείτε |
3 pl | βιάζουν(ε) | βιάσουν(ε) | βιάζονται | βιαστούν(ε) |
Past tenses ➤ | Imperfect ➤ | Simple past ➤ | Imperfect | Simple past |
1 sg | βίαζα | βίασα | βιαζόμουν(α) | βιάστηκα |
2 sg | βίαζες | βίασες | βιαζόσουν(α) | βιάστηκες |
3 sg | βίαζε | βίασε | βιαζόταν(ε) | βιάστηκε |
1 pl | βιάζαμε | βιάσαμε | βιαζόμασταν, (‑όμαστε) | βιαστήκαμε |
2 pl | βιάζατε | βιάσατε | βιαζόσασταν, (‑όσαστε) | βιαστήκατε |
3 pl | βίαζαν, βιάζαν(ε) | βίασαν, βιάσαν(ε) | βιάζονταν, (βιαζόντουσαν) | βιάστηκαν, βιαστήκαν(ε) |
Future tenses ➤ | Continuous ➤ | Simple ➤ | Continuous | Simple |
1 sg | θα βιάζω ➤ | θα βιάσω ➤ | θα βιάζομαι ➤ | θα βιαστώ ➤ |
2,3 sg, 1,2,3 pl | θα βιάζεις, … | θα βιάσεις, … | θα βιάζεσαι, … | θα βιαστείς, … |
Perfect aspect ➤ | Perfect aspect | |||
Present perfect ➤ | έχω, έχεις, … βιάσει | έχω, έχεις, … βιαστεί είμαι, είσαι, … βιασμένος, ‑η, ‑ο ➤ | ||
Past perfect ➤ | είχα, είχες, … βιάσει | είχα, είχες, … βιαστεί ήμουν, ήσουν, … βιασμένος, ‑η, ‑ο | ||
Future perfect ➤ | θα έχω, θα έχεις, … βιάσει | θα έχω, θα έχεις, … βιαστεί θα είμαι, θα είσαι, … βιασμένος, ‑η, ‑ο | ||
Subjunctive mood ➤ | Formed using present, dependent (for simple past) or present perfect from above with a particle (να, ας). | |||
Imperative mood ➤ | Imperfective aspect | Perfective aspect | Imperfective aspect | Perfective aspect |
2 sg | βίαζε | βίασε | — | βιάσου |
2 pl | βιάζετε | βιάστε | βιάζεστε | βιαστείτε |
Other forms | Active voice | Passive voice | ||
Present participle➤ | βιάζοντας ➤ | — | ||
Perfect participle➤ | έχοντας βιάσει ➤ | βιασμένος, ‑η, ‑ο ➤ | ||
Nonfinite form➤ | βιάσει | βιαστεί | ||
Notes Appendix:Greek verbs |
• (…) optional or informal. […] rare. {…} learned, archaic. • Multiple forms are shown in order of reducing frequency. • Periphrastic imperative forms may be produced using the subjunctive. | |||
Synonyms
[edit]Sense force
- εξαναγκάζω (exanagkázo)
- πιέζω (piézo)
Related terms
[edit]Sense force
- αβίαστος (avíastos, “unforced”)
- βεβιασμένος (veviasménos, “forced, hurried”, formal participle)
- εκβιάζω (ekviázo, “blackmail”)
- παραβιάζω (paraviázo, “break in”)
Sense rape
See sense rush
- and see: βία m (vía, “violence; rush”)
Etymology 2
[edit]Inherited from Byzantine Greek βιάζω (biázō), from Ancient Greek βιάζω (biázō, “use violence, force”). Sense "in a hurry" is medieval, especially from the passive voice βιάζομαι (viázomai).[3]
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]βιάζω • (viázo) (past έβιασα, passive βιάζομαι, p‑past βιάστηκα, ppp βεβιασμένος)
- (transitive) to urge on, rush, hurry
- Μη βιάζεσαι! Θα κάνεις λάθη.
- Mi viázesai! Tha káneis láthi.
- Do not hurry! You will make mistakes
- Μη βιάζεις το φαγητό, η καλή μαγειρική θέλει την ώρα της.
- Mi viázeis to fagitó, i kalí mageirikí thélei tin óra tis.
- Don't hurry the food, good cooking needs time.
Conjugation
[edit]βιάζω βιάζομαι (stem pronounced as 2 syllables)
Active voice ➤ | Passive voice ➤ | |||
Indicative mood ➤ | Imperfective aspect ➤ | Perfective aspect ➤ | Imperfective aspect | Perfective aspect |
Non-past tenses ➤ | Present ➤ | Dependent ➤ | Present | Dependent |
1 sg | βιάζω | βιάσω | βιάζομαι | βιαστώ |
2 sg | βιάζεις | βιάσεις | βιάζεσαι | βιαστείς |
3 sg | βιάζει1 | βιάσει | βιάζεται | βιαστεί |
1 pl | βιάζουμε, [‑ομε] | βιάσουμε, [‑ομε] | βιαζόμαστε | βιαστούμε |
2 pl | βιάζετε | βιάσετε | βιάζεστε, βιαζόσαστε | βιαστείτε |
3 pl | βιάζουν(ε) | βιάσουν(ε) | βιάζονται | βιαστούν(ε) |
Past tenses ➤ | Imperfect ➤ | Simple past ➤ | Imperfect | Simple past |
1 sg | έβιαζα, βίαζα | έβιασα, βίασα | βιαζόμουν(α) | βιάστηκα |
2 sg | έβιαζες, βίαζες | έβιασες, βίασες | βιαζόσουν(α) | βιάστηκες |
3 sg | έβιαζε, βίαζε | έβιασε, βίασε | βιαζόταν(ε) | βιάστηκε |
1 pl | βιάζαμε | βιάσαμε | βιαζόμασταν, (‑όμαστε) | βιαστήκαμε |
2 pl | βιάζατε | βιάσατε | βιαζόσασταν, (‑όσαστε) | βιαστήκατε |
3 pl | έβιαζαν, βιάζαν(ε) | έβιασαν, βιάσαν(ε) | βιάζονταν, (βιαζόντουσαν) | βιάστηκαν, βιαστήκαν(ε) |
Future tenses ➤ | Continuous ➤ | Simple ➤ | Continuous | Simple |
1 sg | θα βιάζω ➤ | θα βιάσω ➤ | θα βιάζομαι ➤ | θα βιαστώ ➤ |
2,3 sg, 1,2,3 pl | θα βιάζεις, … | θα βιάσεις, … | θα βιάζεσαι, … | θα βιαστείς, … |
Perfect aspect ➤ | Perfect aspect | |||
Present perfect ➤ | έχω, έχεις, … βιάσει | έχω, έχεις, … βιαστεί | ||
Past perfect ➤ | είχα, είχες, … βιάσει | είχα, είχες, … βιαστεί | ||
Future perfect ➤ | θα έχω, θα έχεις, … βιάσει | θα έχω, θα έχεις, … βιαστεί | ||
Subjunctive mood ➤ | Formed using present, dependent (for simple past) or present perfect from above with a particle (να, ας). | |||
Imperative mood ➤ | Imperfective aspect | Perfective aspect | Imperfective aspect | Perfective aspect |
2 sg | βιάζε | βιάσε | — | βιάσου |
2 pl | βιάζετε | βιάστε | βιάζεστε | βιαστείτε |
Other forms | Active voice | Passive voice | ||
Present participle➤ | βιάζοντας ➤ | — | ||
Perfect participle➤ | έχοντας βιάσει ➤ | {βεβιασμένος, ‑η, ‑o} ➤ | ||
Nonfinite form➤ | βιάσει | βιαστεί | ||
Notes Appendix:Greek verbs |
1. Also as impersonal: "it is urgent" • (…) optional or informal. […] rare. {…} learned, archaic. • Multiple forms are shown in order of reducing frequency. • Periphrastic imperative forms may be produced using the subjunctive. | |||
Synonyms
[edit]- επισπεύδω (epispévdo)
For the passive:
- επείγομαι (epeígomai)
Derived terms
[edit]- όποιος βιάζεται σκοντάφτει (ópoios viázetai skontáftei) (proverb)
Related terms
[edit]Sense under pressure, in a hurry
- βιαστικός (viastikós, “hurried, hasty”)
- βιάση f (viási, “rush, hurry, haste”) (literary)
- βιασύνη f (viasýni, “rush, hurry, haste”)
See sense force
- and see: βία m (vía, “violence; rush”)
References
[edit]- ^ βιάζω - Babiniotis, Georgios (2010) Ετυμολογικό λεξικό της νέας ελληνικής γλώσσας Etymologikó lexikó tis néas ellinikís glóssas [Etymological Dictionary of Modern Greek language] (in Greek), Athens: Lexicology Centre
- ^ βιάζω, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language
- ^ βιάζομαι, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language
Categories:
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- Ancient Greek verbs
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- Greek verbs conjugating like 'ορίζω'
- Greek terms inherited from Byzantine Greek
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