هنر

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

Borrowed from Persian هنر (honar, “art; craft, ability”), from Middle Persian 𐫍𐫇𐫗𐫡 (hwnr /⁠hunar⁠/, “virtue, ability, skill”), ultimately from Old Persian 𐎢𐎺𐎴𐎼 (ʰuvnara, “talent, capability”).

Noun

هنر • (hüner) (definite accusative هنری (hüneri), plural هنرلر (hünerler))

1. craft, dexterity, ingenuity, adroitness, the ability to solve difficult problems in original, clever, and inventive ways

   Synonyms: اوسته‌لق (ustalık), صنعت (sanʼat, zanʼat), معرفت (maʼrifet)

2. ability, skill, talent, competence, the innate, learned, or acquired capacity or competence to do something well

   Synonyms: صنعت (sanʼat, zanʼat), مهارت (maharet)

3. art, the conscious production or arrangement of elements in a manner that affects the senses and emotions

   Synonyms: صنعت (sanʼat, zanʼat), فن (fenn)

Derived terms

• هنر صاتمق (hüner satmak, “to pretend to be clever”)
• هنر كوسترمك (hüner göstermek, “to exhibit a skill or talent”)
• هنربند (hünerbend, “skillful performer”)
• هنرسز (hünersiz, “talentless”)
• هنرلو (hünerli, “talented, skillful”)
• هنرمندی (hünermendi, “quality or act of a talented man”)
• هنرپرور (hüner-perver, “talent scout”)

 

Descendants

• Turkish: hüner
• → Greek: χουνέρι (chounéri)

Further reading

• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “hüner1”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 2020
• Hindoglu, Artin (1838) “هنر”, in Hazine-i lûgat ou dictionnaire abrégé turc-français‎^[1], Vienna: F. Beck, page 497b
• Kélékian, Diran (1911) “هنر”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[2], Constantinople: Mihran, page 1329a
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Ars”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎^[3], Vienna, column 86
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “هنر”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎^[4], Vienna, column 5504
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “hüner”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Redhouse, James W. (1890) “هنر”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[5], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 2172

Persian

Etymology

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (hwnl), 𐫍𐫇𐫗𐫡 (hwnr /⁠hunar⁠/, “virtue, ability, skill”), from Old Persian 𐎢𐎺𐎴𐎼 (ʰuvnara, “talent, capability”), from Proto-Iranian *hu-nara, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁su- (“good”) + *h₂nḗr (“man; power, force, vital energy”). Cognate with Old Armenian հնար (hnar, “means, way”) (from Iranian), Avestan 𐬵𐬎𐬥𐬀𐬭𐬀 m (hunara, “skill, strength”), Sanskrit सूनर (sū-nára, “possessing vital strength, mighty, prosperous, beautiful”).

Compare also formally identical formations in other Indo-European languages: Old Irish so-nirt, so-nairt (“strong”), Welsh hy-nerth (“mighty”), Ancient Greek εὐ-ήνωρ (eu-ḗnōr, “manly”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [hu.ˈnaɾ]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [hʊ.nǽɾ]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [hʊ.nǽɾ]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ʔʊ.nǽɾ]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ʔu.nǽɾ]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ho.nǽɹ]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [hu.nǽɾ]

Readings
Classical reading?	hunar
Dari reading?	hunar
Iranian reading?	honar
Tajik reading?	hunar

• Audio (Iran):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ar

Noun

Dari	هنر
Iranian Persian
Tajik	ҳунар

هنر • (honar) (plural هنرها (honar-hâ))

1. art

   هنرهای تجسمی ― honar-hâ-ye tajasomi ― visual arts

   هنرهای زیبا ― honar-hâ-ye zibâ ― fine arts

2. (archaic) craft, ability, art

   Synonyms: صنعت (san'at), فن (fann)

3. (archaic) knowledge, wisdom

   Synonyms: دانش (dâneš), علم ('elm)

Derived terms

• هنر پرور (honar-parvar, “patron of art”)
• هنرستان (honarestân, “art school”)
• هنرمند (honarmand, “artist, artistic”)
• هنرمندانه (honarmandâne, “artfully”)
• هنرور (honarvar, “artful”)
• هنرپیشه (honarpiše, “artist”)
• هنری (honari, “artistic”)

 

Descendants

• → Armenian: հունար (hunar), հյուներ (hyuner)
• → Azerbaijani: hünər
• → Baluchi: ہنر (hwnər)
• → Bashkir: һөнәр (hönər)
• → Georgian: უნარი (unari)
• → Gujarati: હુન્નર (hunnar)
• → Hindustani:

  Hindi: हुनर (hunar)

  Urdu: ہُنَر (hunar)

• → Kazakh: өнер (öner)
• → Kurdish:

  Northern Kurdish: huner, hiner

• → Kyrgyz: өнөр (önör)
• → Ottoman Turkish: هنر (hüner)
  • Turkish: hüner
  • → Greek: χουνέρι (chounéri)
• → Pashto: هنر (hunár)
• → Punjabi: hunar

  Gurmukhi script: ਹੁਨਰ

  Shahmukhi script: ہُنَر

• → Sindhi: hunaro

  Arabic script: هُنَرُ

  Devanagari script: हुनर

• → Uyghur: ھۇنەر (huner)
• → Uzbek: hunar

References

• Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1977) “հնար”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume III, Yerevan: University Press, page 104b
• Template:R:pal:Boyce
• Horn, Paul (1893) Grundriss der neupersischen Etymologie (in German), Strasbourg: K.J. Trübner, § 1108, pages 247–248
• Hübschmann, Heinrich (1897) Armenische Grammatik. 1. Theil: Armenische Etymologie (in German), Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, page 181
• MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “hunar”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 44
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1976) Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary] (in German), volume III, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 493
• Nyberg, H. S. (1974) A Manual of Pahlavi, Part II: Glossary, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, page 102b
• Olsen, Birgit Anette (1999) The noun in Biblical Armenian: origin and word-formation: with special emphasis on the Indo-European heritage (Trends in linguistics. Studies and monographs; 119), Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, page 891
• Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 765
• Edelʹman, D. I. (2015) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 5, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 479