ἀνήρ

See also: ἁνήρ

Ancient Greek

Ἀνὴρ Σωκράτης καλούμενος (Anḕr Sōkrátēs kaloúmenos) by Domenico Anderson (1854-1938).

Etymology

From Proto-Hellenic *anḗr, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂nḗr. Cognates include Sanskrit नृ (nṛ́), नर (nára), and Old Irish nert.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /a.nɛ̌ːr/ → /aˈnir/ → /aˈnir/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /a.nɛ̌ːr/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /aˈne̝r/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /aˈnir/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /aˈnir/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /aˈnir/

In Epic poetry, the ἀ usually scans as long in the arsis of a foot.

Noun

ᾰ̓νήρ • (anḗr) m (genitive ᾰ̓νδρός); third declension

1. man (adult male)
2. husband
3. human being, as opposed to a god
   • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 1.28:

     τὴν δ’ ἠμείβετ’ ἔπειτα πατὴρ ἀνδρῶν τε θεῶν τε

     tḕn d’ ēmeíbet’ épeita patḕr andrôn te theôn te

     Then the father of men and gods [= Zeus] answered her

   • 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Olympian Ode 6.10:

     ἀκίνδυνοι δ’ ἀρεταὶ
     οὔτε παρ’ ἀνδράσιν οὔτ’ ἐν ναυσὶ κοίλαις
     τίμιαι: πολλοὶ δὲ μέμνανται, καλὸν εἴ τι ποναθῇ.

     akíndunoi d’ aretaì
     oúte par’ andrásin oút’ en nausì koílais
     tímiai: polloì dè mémnantai, kalòn eí ti ponathêi.

     But excellence without danger is honored neither among men nor in hollow ships. But many people remember, if a fine thing is done with toil.

Usage notes

The word ἀνήρ may form a crasis with the definite article, resulting in ὁ (ho) and ἀνήρ merging. The Attic crasis is ᾱ̔νήρ (hānḗr) and the Ionic crasis is ὡνήρ (hōnḗr).

With ᾰ or in metric need ᾱ in poetry: e.g.
In Epic poetry, the vocative singular ἆνερ (âner) is used, for instance in Il. 24.725.

Declension

Third declension of ὁ ᾰ̓νήρ; τοῦ ᾰ̓νδρός (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ ᾰ̓νήρ ho anḗr	τὼ ᾰ̓́νδρε tṑ ándre	οἱ ᾰ̓́νδρες hoi ándres
Genitive	τοῦ ᾰ̓νδρός toû andrós	τοῖν ᾰ̓νδροῖν toîn androîn	τῶν ᾰ̓νδρῶν tôn andrôn
Dative	τῷ ᾰ̓νδρῐ́ tôi andrí	τοῖν ᾰ̓νδροῖν toîn androîn	τοῖς ᾰ̓νδρᾰ́σῐ / ᾰ̓νδρᾰ́σῐν toîs andrási(n)
Accusative	τὸν ᾰ̓́νδρᾰ tòn ándra	τὼ ᾰ̓́νδρε tṑ ándre	τοὺς ᾰ̓́νδρᾰς toùs ándras
Vocative	ᾰ̓́νερ áner	ᾰ̓́νδρε ándre	ᾰ̓́νδρες ándres
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Third declension of ᾱ̓νήρ; ᾱ̓νέρος (Epic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ᾱ̓νήρ ānḗr	ᾱ̓νέρε ānére	ᾱ̓νέρες ānéres
Genitive	ᾱ̓νέρος ānéros	ᾱ̓νέροιῐν ānéroiin	ᾱ̓νέρων ānérōn
Dative	ᾱ̓νέρῐ ānéri	ᾱ̓νέροιῐν ānéroiin	ᾱ̓́νδρεσσῐ / ᾱ̓́νδρεσσῐν / ᾰ̓νδρᾰ́σῐ / ᾰ̓νδρᾰ́σῐν ā́ndressi(n) / andrási(n)
Accusative	ᾱ̓νέρᾰ ānéra	ᾱ̓νέρε ānére	ᾱ̓νέρᾰς ānéras
Vocative	ἆνερ âner	ᾱ̓νέρε ānére	ᾱ̓νέρες ānéres
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Irregular declension of ὡνήρ; τᾱ̓νδρός (crasis, Ionic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὡνήρ hōnḗr	—	ὧνδρες hôndres
Genitive	τᾱ̓νδρός tāndrós	—	—
Dative	τᾱ̓νδρῐ́ tāndrí	—	—
Accusative	—	—	—
Vocative	—	—	—
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Irregular declension of ᾱ̔νήρ; τᾱ̓νδρός (crasis, Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ᾱ̔νήρ hānḗr	—	ἇνδρες hândres
Genitive	τᾱ̓νδρός tāndrós	—	—
Dative	τᾱ̓νδρῐ́ tāndrí	—	—
Accusative	—	—	—
Vocative	—	—	—
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Antonyms

• γυνή (gunḗ, “woman, female, wife”)

Derived terms

• Ἀγαπήνωρ (Agapḗnōr)
• ἀγαπήνωρ (agapḗnōr)
• Ἀγήνωρ (Agḗnōr)
• ἀγήνωρ (agḗnōr)
• Ἀλέξανδρος (Aléxandros)
• ἀλεξήνωρ (alexḗnōr)
• Ἀμύνανδρος (Amúnandros)
• Ἀνάξανδρος (Anáxandros)
• Ἀνδράγαθος (Andrágathos)
• Ἀνδρέας (Andréas)
• ἀνδρεία (andreía)
• ἀνδρεῖος (andreîos)
• ἀνδριάς (andriás)
• ἀνδρο- (andro-)
• Ἀνδρόγεως (Andrógeōs)
• ἀνδρόγυνος (andrógunos)
• Ἀνδροκλῆς (Androklês)
• Ἀνδροκύδης (Androkúdēs)
• ἀνδρομανία (andromanía)
• Ἀνδρομέδα (Androméda)
• ἀνδρόμεος (andrómeos)
• Ᾰ̓νδρόνῑκος (Andrónīkos)
• ἀνδρόσᾰκες (andrósakes)
• Ᾰ̓νδροσθένης (Androsthénēs)
• ἀνδροφάγος (androphágos)
• ἀνδροφόνος (androphónos)
• ἀνδρών (andrṓn)
• ἀνήνωρ (anḗnōr)
• Ἄντανδρος (Ántandros)
• ἀντήνωρ (antḗnōr)
• Ἀντήνωρ (Antḗnōr)
• ἀντιᾰ́νειρᾰ (antiáneira)
• ἀπατήνωρ (apatḗnōr)
• Ἀρῐ́στᾰνδρος (Arístandros)
• Βιήνωρ (Biḗnōr)
• βωτιᾰ́νειρᾰ (bōtiáneira)
• δαμασήνωρ (damasḗnōr)
• Δεισήνωρ (Deisḗnōr)
• δεισήνωρ (deisḗnōr)
• Δῃᾰ́νειρᾰ (Dēiáneira)
• Ἐλεφήνωρ (Elephḗnōr)
• Ἐλπήνωρ (Elpḗnōr)
• εὐήνωρ (euḗnōr)
• Εὐχήνωρ (Eukhḗnōr)
• ἠνορέη (ēnoréē)
• Καστιᾰ́νειρᾰ (Kastiáneira)
• Κλείτανδρος (Kleítandros)
• κυδιᾰ́νειρᾰ (kudiáneira)
• Λέανδρος (Léandros)
• λειχήνωρ (leikhḗnōr)
• ληϊᾰ́νειρᾰ (lēïáneira)
• Λῠ́σᾰνδρος (Lúsandros)
• λυσήνωρ (lusḗnōr)
• μεγαλήνωρ (megalḗnōr)
• Μένανδρος (Ménandros)
• Νίκανδρος (Níkandros)
• ὀλεσήνωρ (olesḗnōr)
• Πείσανδρος (Peísandros)
• Πεισήνωρ (Peisḗnōr)
• Περίανδρος (Períandros)
• Προθοήνωρ (Prothoḗnōr)
• ῥηξήνωρ (rhēxḗnōr)
• Ῥηξήνωρ (Rhēxḗnōr)
• σώσᾰνδρον (sṓsandron)
• Τῑμᾱ́νωρ (Tīmā́nōr)
• Τίσανδρος (Tísandros)
• ὑπερηνορέων (huperēnoréōn)
• Ὑπερήνωρ (Huperḗnōr)
• ὑπερήνωρ (huperḗnōr)
• Ὑψήνωρ (Hupsḗnōr)
• ὑψήνωρ (hupsḗnōr)
• φθισήνωρ (phthisḗnōr)
• φιλανδρία (philandría)
• φίλανδρος (phílandros)
• φιλήνωρ (philḗnōr)

 

Descendants

• Greek: άνδρας (ándras)
• Mariupol Greek: а́ндра (ándra)

See also

• ἄρσην (ársēn, “male”)

Further reading

• “ἀνήρ”, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, 2011
• “ἀνήρ”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ἀνήρ”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “ἀνήρ”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• ἀνήρ in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
• ἀνήρ in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• ἀνήρ in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2024)
• “ἀνήρ”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• G120 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • consort idem, page 164.
  • husband idem, page 411.
  • man idem, page 510.
  • spouse idem, page 805.