古書

See also: 古书

Chinese

		ancient; old	book; letter
trad. (古書)		古	書
simp. (古书)		古	书

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): gǔshū

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨˇ ㄕㄨ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gu² syu¹
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): kú-sû

  (Hailu, HRS): gu^ˊ shu^ˋ

  (Meixian, Guangdong): gu³ su¹

• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kó͘-chu

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)
    • Hanyu Pinyin: gǔshū
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄨˇ ㄕㄨ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: gǔshu
    • Wade–Giles: ku³-shu¹
    • Yale: gǔ-shū
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guushu
    • Palladius: гушу (gušu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂu⁵⁵/
    • Homophones:

      [Show/Hide]
      edit edit 古書 / 古书 鼓書 / 鼓书

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: gu² syu¹
    • Yale: gú syū
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gu² sy¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: gu² xu¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuː³⁵ syː⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kú-sû
    • Hakka Romanization System: gu^ˋ su^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: gu³ su¹
    • Sinological IPA: /ku³¹ su²⁴/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: gu^ˊ shu^ˋ
    • Sinological IPA: /ku²⁴⁻³³ ʃu⁵³/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: gu³ su¹
    • Sinological IPA: /ku³¹ su⁴⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kó͘-chu
    • Tâi-lô: kóo-tsu
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kofzw
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁴⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: kuX syo

Rime
Character	古	書
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	書 (26)
Final (韻)	模 (23)	魚 (22)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	公戸切	傷魚切
Baxter	kuX	syo
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kuoX/	/ɕɨʌ/
Pan Wuyun	/kuoX/	/ɕiɔ/
Shao Rongfen	/koX/	/ɕiɔ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kɔX/	/ɕɨə̆/
Li Rong	/koX/	/ɕiɔ/
Wang Li	/kuX/	/ɕĭo/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kuoX/	/ɕi̯wo/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gǔ	shū
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gu2	syu1

Noun

古書

1. antique book; ancient text

Synonyms

edit

• 古冊 / 古册 (Hokkien)
• 古籍 (gǔjí)
• 經籍 / 经籍 (jīngjí)
• 舊典 / 旧典 (jiùdiǎn) (literary)
• 舊書 / 旧书 (jiùshū)

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (古書):

• → Japanese: 古(こ)書(しょ) (kosho)
• → Korean: 고서(古書) (goseo)

References

• “Entry #1525”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.

Japanese

Kanji in this term
古	書
こ Grade: 2	しょ Grade: 2
on'yomi

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ko̞ɕo̞]

Noun

古(こ)書(しょ) • (kosho) 

1. an old book; a rare book; a classic
2. a second-hand book

Korean

Hanja in this term
古	書

Noun

古書 • (goseo) (hangeul 고서)

1. hanja form^? of 고서 (“an old book”)