خط

See also: حظ and حط

Arabic

Etymology

From the root خ ط ط (ḵ-ṭ-ṭ). Cognate to Nabataean Aramaic 𐢊𐢋𐢋 (“to pull out; to engrave”), Jewish Babylonian Aramaic חֲטַט (ḥăṭaṭ, “to dig out, to hollow out, to excavate”), Classical Syriac ܚܰܛ (ḥaṭṭ, “to dig out; to excavate; to carve”), Akkadian 𒄩𒁕𒂅 (ḫa-ṭa-ṭu /⁠ḫaṭāṭu⁠/, “to dig out; to dredge; to make an incision”).

Pronunciation

• Verb: IPA^(key): /xatˤ.tˤa/
• Noun: IPA^(key): /xatˤtˤ/

• Audio:

  (file)

Verb

خَطَّ • (ḵaṭṭa) I (non-past يَخُطُّ (yaḵuṭṭu), verbal noun خَطّ (ḵaṭṭ))

1. to draw a line
2. to draw
3. to write
4. to carve, inscribe
5. to outline, mark

Conjugation

    Conjugation of خَطَّ (I, geminate, a ~ u, full passive, verbal noun خَطّ)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						خَطّ ḵaṭṭ
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						خَاطّ ḵāṭṭ
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مَخْطُوط maḵṭūṭ
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	خَطَطْتُ ḵaṭaṭtu	خَطَطْتَ ḵaṭaṭta	خَطَّ ḵaṭṭa		خَطَطْتُمَا ḵaṭaṭtumā	خَطَّا ḵaṭṭā		خَطَطْنَا ḵaṭaṭnā	خَطَطْتُمْ ḵaṭaṭtum	خَطُّوا ḵaṭṭū
	f		خَطَطْتِ ḵaṭaṭti	خَطَّتْ ḵaṭṭat			خَطَّتَا ḵaṭṭatā			خَطَطْتُنَّ ḵaṭaṭtunna	خَطَطْنَ ḵaṭaṭna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَخُطُّ ʔaḵuṭṭu	تَخُطُّ taḵuṭṭu	يَخُطُّ yaḵuṭṭu		تَخُطَّانِ taḵuṭṭāni	يَخُطَّانِ yaḵuṭṭāni		نَخُطُّ naḵuṭṭu	تَخُطُّونَ taḵuṭṭūna	يَخُطُّونَ yaḵuṭṭūna
	f		تَخُطِّينَ taḵuṭṭīna	تَخُطُّ taḵuṭṭu			تَخُطَّانِ taḵuṭṭāni			تَخْطُطْنَ taḵṭuṭna	يَخْطُطْنَ yaḵṭuṭna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَخُطَّ ʔaḵuṭṭa	تَخُطَّ taḵuṭṭa	يَخُطَّ yaḵuṭṭa		تَخُطَّا taḵuṭṭā	يَخُطَّا yaḵuṭṭā		نَخُطَّ naḵuṭṭa	تَخُطُّوا taḵuṭṭū	يَخُطُّوا yaḵuṭṭū
	f		تَخُطِّي taḵuṭṭī	تَخُطَّ taḵuṭṭa			تَخُطَّا taḵuṭṭā			تَخْطُطْنَ taḵṭuṭna	يَخْطُطْنَ yaḵṭuṭna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَخُطَّ, أَخُطِّ, أَخْطُطْ ʔaḵuṭṭa, ʔaḵuṭṭi, ʔaḵṭuṭ	تَخُطَّ, تَخُطِّ, تَخْطُطْ taḵuṭṭa, taḵuṭṭi, taḵṭuṭ	يَخُطَّ, يَخُطِّ, يَخْطُطْ yaḵuṭṭa, yaḵuṭṭi, yaḵṭuṭ		تَخُطَّا taḵuṭṭā	يَخُطَّا yaḵuṭṭā		نَخُطَّ, نَخُطِّ, نَخْطُطْ naḵuṭṭa, naḵuṭṭi, naḵṭuṭ	تَخُطُّوا taḵuṭṭū	يَخُطُّوا yaḵuṭṭū
	f		تَخُطِّي taḵuṭṭī	تَخُطَّ, تَخُطِّ, تَخْطُطْ taḵuṭṭa, taḵuṭṭi, taḵṭuṭ			تَخُطَّا taḵuṭṭā			تَخْطُطْنَ taḵṭuṭna	يَخْطُطْنَ yaḵṭuṭna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		خُطَّ, خُطِّ, اُخْطُطْ ḵuṭṭa, ḵuṭṭi, uḵṭuṭ			خُطَّا ḵuṭṭā				خُطُّوا ḵuṭṭū
	f		خُطِّي ḵuṭṭī							اُخْطُطْنَ uḵṭuṭna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	خُطِطْتُ ḵuṭiṭtu	خُطِطْتَ ḵuṭiṭta	خُطَّ ḵuṭṭa		خُطِطْتُمَا ḵuṭiṭtumā	خُطَّا ḵuṭṭā		خُطِطْنَا ḵuṭiṭnā	خُطِطْتُمْ ḵuṭiṭtum	خُطُّوا ḵuṭṭū
	f		خُطِطْتِ ḵuṭiṭti	خُطَّتْ ḵuṭṭat			خُطَّتَا ḵuṭṭatā			خُطِطْتُنَّ ḵuṭiṭtunna	خُطِطْنَ ḵuṭiṭna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُخَطُّ ʔuḵaṭṭu	تُخَطُّ tuḵaṭṭu	يُخَطُّ yuḵaṭṭu		تُخَطَّانِ tuḵaṭṭāni	يُخَطَّانِ yuḵaṭṭāni		نُخَطُّ nuḵaṭṭu	تُخَطُّونَ tuḵaṭṭūna	يُخَطُّونَ yuḵaṭṭūna
	f		تُخَطِّينَ tuḵaṭṭīna	تُخَطُّ tuḵaṭṭu			تُخَطَّانِ tuḵaṭṭāni			تُخْطَطْنَ tuḵṭaṭna	يُخْطَطْنَ yuḵṭaṭna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُخَطَّ ʔuḵaṭṭa	تُخَطَّ tuḵaṭṭa	يُخَطَّ yuḵaṭṭa		تُخَطَّا tuḵaṭṭā	يُخَطَّا yuḵaṭṭā		نُخَطَّ nuḵaṭṭa	تُخَطُّوا tuḵaṭṭū	يُخَطُّوا yuḵaṭṭū
	f		تُخَطِّي tuḵaṭṭī	تُخَطَّ tuḵaṭṭa			تُخَطَّا tuḵaṭṭā			تُخْطَطْنَ tuḵṭaṭna	يُخْطَطْنَ yuḵṭaṭna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُخَطَّ, أُخَطِّ, أُخْطَطْ ʔuḵaṭṭa, ʔuḵaṭṭi, ʔuḵṭaṭ	تُخَطَّ, تُخَطِّ, تُخْطَطْ tuḵaṭṭa, tuḵaṭṭi, tuḵṭaṭ	يُخَطَّ, يُخَطِّ, يُخْطَطْ yuḵaṭṭa, yuḵaṭṭi, yuḵṭaṭ		تُخَطَّا tuḵaṭṭā	يُخَطَّا yuḵaṭṭā		نُخَطَّ, نُخَطِّ, نُخْطَطْ nuḵaṭṭa, nuḵaṭṭi, nuḵṭaṭ	تُخَطُّوا tuḵaṭṭū	يُخَطُّوا yuḵaṭṭū
	f		تُخَطِّي tuḵaṭṭī	تُخَطَّ, تُخَطِّ, تُخْطَطْ tuḵaṭṭa, tuḵaṭṭi, tuḵṭaṭ			تُخَطَّا tuḵaṭṭā			تُخْطَطْنَ tuḵṭaṭna	يُخْطَطْنَ yuḵṭaṭna

Noun

خَطّ • (ḵaṭṭ) m (plural خُطُوط (ḵuṭūṭ))

1. verbal noun of خَطَّ (ḵaṭṭa) (form I)
2. (writing, railroad, telephony, supply) line
   • 2017 October 1, “تسرب خطوط الغاز بقرية "ترسا" فى الفيوم.. وقطع الخدمة لحين إصلاح العطل”, in Bawwāba Aḵbār Maṣr‎^[1], archived from the original on 13 November 2017:

     وبالانتقال والفحص تبين تسرب غاز من المواسير الأرضية بخط الغاز الرئيسى المغذى للقرية.

     And through the passthrough and the inspection it came to light the leakage of gas from the earth pipes through the main gas supply line of the village.

3. stroke
4. stripe
5. ridge
6. handwriting
7. calligraphy
8. script

Declension

Declension of noun خَطّ (ḵaṭṭ)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	خَطّ ḵaṭṭ	الْخَطّ al-ḵaṭṭ	خَطّ ḵaṭṭ
Nominative	خَطٌّ ḵaṭṭun	الْخَطُّ al-ḵaṭṭu	خَطُّ ḵaṭṭu
Accusative	خَطًّا ḵaṭṭan	الْخَطَّ al-ḵaṭṭa	خَطَّ ḵaṭṭa
Genitive	خَطٍّ ḵaṭṭin	الْخَطِّ al-ḵaṭṭi	خَطِّ ḵaṭṭi
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	خَطَّيْن ḵaṭṭayn	الْخَطَّيْن al-ḵaṭṭayn	خَطَّيْ ḵaṭṭay
Nominative	خَطَّانِ ḵaṭṭāni	الْخَطَّانِ al-ḵaṭṭāni	خَطَّا ḵaṭṭā
Accusative	خَطَّيْنِ ḵaṭṭayni	الْخَطَّيْنِ al-ḵaṭṭayni	خَطَّيْ ḵaṭṭay
Genitive	خَطَّيْنِ ḵaṭṭayni	الْخَطَّيْنِ al-ḵaṭṭayni	خَطَّيْ ḵaṭṭay
Plural	basic broken plural triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	خُطُوط ḵuṭūṭ	الْخُطُوط al-ḵuṭūṭ	خُطُوط ḵuṭūṭ
Nominative	خُطُوطٌ ḵuṭūṭun	الْخُطُوطُ al-ḵuṭūṭu	خُطُوطُ ḵuṭūṭu
Accusative	خُطُوطًا ḵuṭūṭan	الْخُطُوطَ al-ḵuṭūṭa	خُطُوطَ ḵuṭūṭa
Genitive	خُطُوطٍ ḵuṭūṭin	الْخُطُوطِ al-ḵuṭūṭi	خُطُوطِ ḵuṭūṭi

Descendants

• Gulf Arabic: خط (ḵaṭ(ṭ))
• Maltese: ħatt
• → Azerbaijani: xətt
• → Bashkir: хат
• → Northern Kurdish: xet
• → Ottoman Turkish: خط (hat)
  • Turkish: hat
  • → Laz: ჰათთი (hatti)
• → Persian: خط (xatt)
  • → Malayalam: കത്ത് (kattŭ)
  • → Marwari: खत (khat)
  • → Punjabi:

    Gurmukhi script: ਖ਼ਤ (xat)

    Shahmukhi script: خط (xat)

  • → Urdu: خط (xat)
    • → Phalura: xat
• → Turkmen: hat
• → Uzbek: xat

References

• Баранов, Х. К. (2011) “خط”, in Большой арабско-русский словарь (Bolʹšoj arabsko-russkij slovarʹ), 11th edition, Москва: Живой язык, →ISBN
• Lane, Edward William (1863) “خط”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎^[2], London: Williams & Norgate
• Wehr, Hans (1979) “خط”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN
• Wehr, Hans (1960) “خط”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 3rd edition, Ithaca, NY: Otto Harrassowitz

Gulf Arabic

Etymology

Root
خ ط ط
1 term

From Arabic خَطّ (ḵaṭṭ).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /χətˤː/

Noun

خَط • (ḵaṭṭ) m (plural خْطوط (ḵṭūṭ))

1. line
2. queue, line (usually to refer to a line in a queue with multiple lines)

   Synonym: طابور (ṭābūr)

   لا تعدي الخط ― lā tʕaddi l-ḵaṭṭ ― Don't skip the line

3. handwriting

   خطچ حلو ― ḵaṭṭič ḥilu ― Your handwriting is pretty

4. calligraphy
5. script

   خط الرقعة ― ḵaṭṭ ir-ruqʕa ― Ruqʿa script

6. (typography, computing) font

   خط مفتوح المصدر ― ḵaṭ maftūḥ il-maṣdar ― An open-source font

7. SIM card, (by extension) phone number

   اول ما توصول الكويت اشترلك خط يديد

   awwal mā tōṣaḷ li-kwēt ištar-lik ḵaṭṭ yidīd

   Buy yourself a new SIM card/phone number once you arrive in Kuwait

8. (euphemistic, humorous) buttocks

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

From Arabic خَطّ (ḵaṭṭ).

Noun

خط • (hat) (plural خطوط (hutut))

1. line (symbol)
2. (military) line
   • 1927 October, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, Nutuk‎^[3], page 341:

     یونانلیلر، ۲۲ حزیران ٣٣٦ده (میلن) خطندن عمومی تعرضه كچدیلر.

     Yunanlılar, 22 haziran 336'da Milne hattından umumî ta'arruza geçtiler.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

3. line (railroad track)

Descendants

• Turkish: hat
• → Laz: ჰათთი (hatti)

Persian

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic خَطّ (ḵaṭṭ).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [xatt]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [xät̪(ː)]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [xät̪(ː)]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [xät̪(ː)]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [xät̪(ː)]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [xæt̪(ː)]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [χät̪(ː)]

Readings
Classical reading?	xatt
Dari reading?	xatt
Iranian reading?	xatt
Tajik reading?	xatt

• Audio (Iran):

  (file)

Noun

Dari	خط
Iranian Persian
Tajik	хат, хатт

خط • (xatt) (plural خطوط (xotut) or خط‌ها (xatt-hâ))

1. line

   خط مستقیم ― xatt-e mostaqim ― straight line

   خط منحنی ― xatt-e monhani ― curved line

2. streak, stripe
3. handwriting, writing
4. script; writing system

   خط چینی ― xatt-e čini ― Chinese characters

   • c. 1011, Abu'l-Qāsim Firdawsī, “The Reign of Khusraw Nōshēnrawān”, in شاهنامه [Book of Kings]‎^[4]:

     نبشت او بران نامهٔ خسروی
     نبود آن زمان خط جز پهلوی

     nibišt ō bar-ān nāma-yi xusrawī
     na-būd ān zamān xatt juz pahlawī

     He wrote an imperial book on it;
     In those times, there was no script except for Pahlavi.

     (Classical Persian romanization)

5. written character; letter
6. (poetic) down or fresh facial hair on an adolescent face (a mark of beauty)
   • c. 1520, Selim I of the Ottoman Empire, edited by Benedek Péri, The Persian Dīvān of Yavuz Sulṭān Selīm, Budapest, Hungary: Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, →ISBN, page 112:

     چو خط که از لب لعلت دمد رقم نتوان کرد
     اگر شوند چو یاقوت قدسیان همه کاتب

     čū xatt ki az lab-i la'lat damad raqam natawān kard
     agar šawand čū yāqūt-i qudsiyān hama kātib

     When the hair blooms from your ruby lips, it cannot be written down
     Even were all the scribes to become like the Yāqūt of the angels.

     (Classical Persian transliteration)

   • c. 1911, Mohammad Hossein Âğuli Torki-ye Shirâzi, دیوان ترکی شیرازی‎^[5]:

     چشم تو و خط و خالت ای بت رعنا
     برده زمن عقل و صبر و هوش به یغما

     čašm-e to o xatt o xâl-at ey bot-e ra'nâ
     borde zaman-e aql o sabr o huš be yağmâ

     Your eye and your down and your beauty-mark, o beautiful idol,
     Has carried off as plunder the time for reason and patience and wisdom.

Related terms

• خط زدن (xatt zadan)
• خط فقر (xatt-e faqr)
• خط فنیقی (xatt-e feniqi)
• خط میخی (xatt-e mixi)
• خط میزان (xatt-e mizân)
• خط پهلوی (xatt-e pahlavi)
• خط کرسی (xatt-e korsi)
• خطی (xatti)
• خط‌شناس (xatt-šenâs)
• خط‌کش (xattkeš)
• دستخط (dastxatt)

 

Descendants

• → Malayalam: കത്ത് (kattŭ)
• → Marwari: खत (khat)
• → Punjabi:

  Gurmukhi script: ਖ਼ਤ (xat)

  Shahmukhi script: خط (xat)

• → Urdu: خط (xat)
  • → Phalura: xat

Urdu

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian خط (xat), from Arabic خَطّ (ḵaṭṭ).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /xət̪/

• Audio (Pakistan):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ət̪

Noun

خط • (xat) m (Hindi spelling ख़त)

1. letter
2. correspondence

Synonyms

• چٹھی