كبر

See also: كثر, گبر, ك ب ر, ك ث ر, and کبر

Arabic

FWOTD – 9 October 2014

Etymology 1

Root
ك ب ر (k b r)
9 terms

Inherited from Proto-Semitic *kabar- together with Hebrew כָּבַר (kāḇár, “to be great, to become great; to be many, to multiply”), Akkadian kabārum (“to be or become thick”) etc.

Pronunciation

• kabura:

  (file)

• IPA^(key): /ka.bu.ra/
• (Gulf Arabic) IPA^(key): /ˈkɪbɐr/
• (Hijazi Arabic) IPA^(key): /ˈkibir/

Verb

كَبُرَ • (kabura) I (non-past يَكْبُرُ (yakburu), verbal noun كِبَر (kibar) or كُبْر (kubr) or كَبَارَة (kabāra) or كُبَارَة (kubāra)) (stative)

1. to be or become big
2. to grow, to grow up
3. to become famous
4. to become too great (for something) [with عَن (ʕan)]
5. to be too proud, to snub, to disdain [with عَن (ʕan)]
6. to become too oppressive, to appear intolerable, to become too difficult, to become troublesome [with عَلَى (ʕalā)]
   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 6:35:

     وَإِن كَانَ كَبُرَ عَلَيْكَ إِعْرَاضُهُمْ فَإِنِ ٱسْتَطَعْتَ أَن تَبْتَغِيَ نَفَقًا فِي ٱلْأَرْضِ أَوْ سُلَّمًا فِي ٱلسَّمَاءِ فَتَأْتِيَهُم بِآيَةٍ

     waʔin kāna kabura ʕalayka ʔiʕrāḍuhum faʔini staṭaʕta ʔan tabtaḡiya nafaqan fī l-ʔarḍi ʔaw sullaman fī s-samāʔi fataʔtiyahum biʔāyatin

     And if their aversion is grievous unto thee, then, if thou canst, seek a way down into the earth or a ladder unto the sky that thou mayst bring unto them a portent (to convince them all)!

     Translates Pickthall

Conjugation

    Conjugation of كَبُرَ (I, sound, u ~ u, impersonal passive (?), verbal nouns كِبَر, كُبْر, كَبَارَة, كُبَارَة)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						كِبَر, كُبْر, كَبَارَة, كُبَارَة kibar, kubr, kabāra, kubāra
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						كَبِير, كُبَار kabīr, kubār
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مَكْبُور makbūr
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	كَبُرْتُ kaburtu	كَبُرْتَ kaburta	كَبُرَ kabura		كَبُرْتُمَا kaburtumā	كَبُرَا kaburā		كَبُرْنَا kaburnā	كَبُرْتُمْ kaburtum	كَبُرُوا kaburū
	f		كَبُرْتِ kaburti	كَبُرَتْ kaburat			كَبُرَتَا kaburatā			كَبُرْتُنَّ kaburtunna	كَبُرْنَ kaburna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَكْبُرُ ʔakburu	تَكْبُرُ takburu	يَكْبُرُ yakburu		تَكْبُرَانِ takburāni	يَكْبُرَانِ yakburāni		نَكْبُرُ nakburu	تَكْبُرُونَ takburūna	يَكْبُرُونَ yakburūna
	f		تَكْبُرِينَ takburīna	تَكْبُرُ takburu			تَكْبُرَانِ takburāni			تَكْبُرْنَ takburna	يَكْبُرْنَ yakburna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَكْبُرَ ʔakbura	تَكْبُرَ takbura	يَكْبُرَ yakbura		تَكْبُرَا takburā	يَكْبُرَا yakburā		نَكْبُرَ nakbura	تَكْبُرُوا takburū	يَكْبُرُوا yakburū
	f		تَكْبُرِي takburī	تَكْبُرَ takbura			تَكْبُرَا takburā			تَكْبُرْنَ takburna	يَكْبُرْنَ yakburna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَكْبُرْ ʔakbur	تَكْبُرْ takbur	يَكْبُرْ yakbur		تَكْبُرَا takburā	يَكْبُرَا yakburā		نَكْبُرْ nakbur	تَكْبُرُوا takburū	يَكْبُرُوا yakburū
	f		تَكْبُرِي takburī	تَكْبُرْ takbur			تَكْبُرَا takburā			تَكْبُرْنَ takburna	يَكْبُرْنَ yakburna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		اُكْبُرْ ukbur			اُكْبُرَا ukburā				اُكْبُرُوا ukburū
	f		اُكْبُرِي ukburī							اُكْبُرْنَ ukburna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	—	—	كُبِرَ kubira		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	—	—	يُكْبَرُ yukbaru		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	—	—	يُكْبَرَ yukbara		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	—	—	يُكْبَرْ yukbar		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—

Noun

كُبْر • (kubr) m

1. verbal noun of كَبُرَ (kabura) (form I)

Declension

Declension of noun كُبْر (kubr)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	كُبْر kubr	الْكُبْر al-kubr	كُبْر kubr
Nominative	كُبْرٌ kubrun	الْكُبْرُ al-kubru	كُبْرُ kubru
Accusative	كُبْرًا kubran	الْكُبْرَ al-kubra	كُبْرَ kubra
Genitive	كُبْرٍ kubrin	الْكُبْرِ al-kubri	كُبْرِ kubri

Verb

كَبَرَ • (kabara) I (non-past يَكْبُرُ (yakburu), verbal noun كَبْر (kabr))

1. (stative, transitive) to be older than
   • 1949, Naguib Mahfouz, The beginning and the end, Dar El-Shorouk, page 6:

     يَكْبُرُ أَخَاهُ بِعَامَيْنِ

     yakburu ʾaḵāhu bi-ʿāmayni

     He is two years older than his brother

Conjugation

    Conjugation of كَبَرَ (I, sound, a ~ u, full passive, verbal noun كَبْر)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						كَبْر kabr
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						كَابِر kābir
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مَكْبُور makbūr
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	كَبَرْتُ kabartu	كَبَرْتَ kabarta	كَبَرَ kabara		كَبَرْتُمَا kabartumā	كَبَرَا kabarā		كَبَرْنَا kabarnā	كَبَرْتُمْ kabartum	كَبَرُوا kabarū
	f		كَبَرْتِ kabarti	كَبَرَتْ kabarat			كَبَرَتَا kabaratā			كَبَرْتُنَّ kabartunna	كَبَرْنَ kabarna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَكْبُرُ ʔakburu	تَكْبُرُ takburu	يَكْبُرُ yakburu		تَكْبُرَانِ takburāni	يَكْبُرَانِ yakburāni		نَكْبُرُ nakburu	تَكْبُرُونَ takburūna	يَكْبُرُونَ yakburūna
	f		تَكْبُرِينَ takburīna	تَكْبُرُ takburu			تَكْبُرَانِ takburāni			تَكْبُرْنَ takburna	يَكْبُرْنَ yakburna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَكْبُرَ ʔakbura	تَكْبُرَ takbura	يَكْبُرَ yakbura		تَكْبُرَا takburā	يَكْبُرَا yakburā		نَكْبُرَ nakbura	تَكْبُرُوا takburū	يَكْبُرُوا yakburū
	f		تَكْبُرِي takburī	تَكْبُرَ takbura			تَكْبُرَا takburā			تَكْبُرْنَ takburna	يَكْبُرْنَ yakburna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَكْبُرْ ʔakbur	تَكْبُرْ takbur	يَكْبُرْ yakbur		تَكْبُرَا takburā	يَكْبُرَا yakburā		نَكْبُرْ nakbur	تَكْبُرُوا takburū	يَكْبُرُوا yakburū
	f		تَكْبُرِي takburī	تَكْبُرْ takbur			تَكْبُرَا takburā			تَكْبُرْنَ takburna	يَكْبُرْنَ yakburna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		اُكْبُرْ ukbur			اُكْبُرَا ukburā				اُكْبُرُوا ukburū
	f		اُكْبُرِي ukburī							اُكْبُرْنَ ukburna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	كُبِرْتُ kubirtu	كُبِرْتَ kubirta	كُبِرَ kubira		كُبِرْتُمَا kubirtumā	كُبِرَا kubirā		كُبِرْنَا kubirnā	كُبِرْتُمْ kubirtum	كُبِرُوا kubirū
	f		كُبِرْتِ kubirti	كُبِرَتْ kubirat			كُبِرَتَا kubiratā			كُبِرْتُنَّ kubirtunna	كُبِرْنَ kubirna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُكْبَرُ ʔukbaru	تُكْبَرُ tukbaru	يُكْبَرُ yukbaru		تُكْبَرَانِ tukbarāni	يُكْبَرَانِ yukbarāni		نُكْبَرُ nukbaru	تُكْبَرُونَ tukbarūna	يُكْبَرُونَ yukbarūna
	f		تُكْبَرِينَ tukbarīna	تُكْبَرُ tukbaru			تُكْبَرَانِ tukbarāni			تُكْبَرْنَ tukbarna	يُكْبَرْنَ yukbarna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُكْبَرَ ʔukbara	تُكْبَرَ tukbara	يُكْبَرَ yukbara		تُكْبَرَا tukbarā	يُكْبَرَا yukbarā		نُكْبَرَ nukbara	تُكْبَرُوا tukbarū	يُكْبَرُوا yukbarū
	f		تُكْبَرِي tukbarī	تُكْبَرَ tukbara			تُكْبَرَا tukbarā			تُكْبَرْنَ tukbarna	يُكْبَرْنَ yukbarna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُكْبَرْ ʔukbar	تُكْبَرْ tukbar	يُكْبَرْ yukbar		تُكْبَرَا tukbarā	يُكْبَرَا yukbarā		نُكْبَرْ nukbar	تُكْبَرُوا tukbarū	يُكْبَرُوا yukbarū
	f		تُكْبَرِي tukbarī	تُكْبَرْ tukbar			تُكْبَرَا tukbarā			تُكْبَرْنَ tukbarna	يُكْبَرْنَ yukbarna

Noun

كَبْر • (kabr) m

1. verbal noun of كَبَرَ (kabara) (form I)

Declension

Declension of noun كَبْر (kabr)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	كَبْر kabr	الْكَبْر al-kabr	كَبْر kabr
Nominative	كَبْرٌ kabrun	الْكَبْرُ al-kabru	كَبْرُ kabru
Accusative	كَبْرًا kabran	الْكَبْرَ al-kabra	كَبْرَ kabra
Genitive	كَبْرٍ kabrin	الْكَبْرِ al-kabri	كَبْرِ kabri

Verb

كَبَّرَ • (kabbara) II (non-past يُكَبِّرُ (yukabbiru), verbal noun تَكْبِير (takbīr))

1. (transitive, causative) to enlarge, to make something bigger
2. (intransitive) to say اَللّٰهُ أَكْبَر (allāhu ʔakbar, “God is greatest”)

Conjugation

    Conjugation of كَبَّرَ (II, sound, full passive, verbal noun تَكْبِير)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						تَكْبِير takbīr
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						مُكَبِّر mukabbir
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مُكَبَّر mukabbar
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	كَبَّرْتُ kabbartu	كَبَّرْتَ kabbarta	كَبَّرَ kabbara		كَبَّرْتُمَا kabbartumā	كَبَّرَا kabbarā		كَبَّرْنَا kabbarnā	كَبَّرْتُمْ kabbartum	كَبَّرُوا kabbarū
	f		كَبَّرْتِ kabbarti	كَبَّرَتْ kabbarat			كَبَّرَتَا kabbaratā			كَبَّرْتُنَّ kabbartunna	كَبَّرْنَ kabbarna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُكَبِّرُ ʔukabbiru	تُكَبِّرُ tukabbiru	يُكَبِّرُ yukabbiru		تُكَبِّرَانِ tukabbirāni	يُكَبِّرَانِ yukabbirāni		نُكَبِّرُ nukabbiru	تُكَبِّرُونَ tukabbirūna	يُكَبِّرُونَ yukabbirūna
	f		تُكَبِّرِينَ tukabbirīna	تُكَبِّرُ tukabbiru			تُكَبِّرَانِ tukabbirāni			تُكَبِّرْنَ tukabbirna	يُكَبِّرْنَ yukabbirna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُكَبِّرَ ʔukabbira	تُكَبِّرَ tukabbira	يُكَبِّرَ yukabbira		تُكَبِّرَا tukabbirā	يُكَبِّرَا yukabbirā		نُكَبِّرَ nukabbira	تُكَبِّرُوا tukabbirū	يُكَبِّرُوا yukabbirū
	f		تُكَبِّرِي tukabbirī	تُكَبِّرَ tukabbira			تُكَبِّرَا tukabbirā			تُكَبِّرْنَ tukabbirna	يُكَبِّرْنَ yukabbirna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُكَبِّرْ ʔukabbir	تُكَبِّرْ tukabbir	يُكَبِّرْ yukabbir		تُكَبِّرَا tukabbirā	يُكَبِّرَا yukabbirā		نُكَبِّرْ nukabbir	تُكَبِّرُوا tukabbirū	يُكَبِّرُوا yukabbirū
	f		تُكَبِّرِي tukabbirī	تُكَبِّرْ tukabbir			تُكَبِّرَا tukabbirā			تُكَبِّرْنَ tukabbirna	يُكَبِّرْنَ yukabbirna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		كَبِّرْ kabbir			كَبِّرَا kabbirā				كَبِّرُوا kabbirū
	f		كَبِّرِي kabbirī							كَبِّرْنَ kabbirna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	كُبِّرْتُ kubbirtu	كُبِّرْتَ kubbirta	كُبِّرَ kubbira		كُبِّرْتُمَا kubbirtumā	كُبِّرَا kubbirā		كُبِّرْنَا kubbirnā	كُبِّرْتُمْ kubbirtum	كُبِّرُوا kubbirū
	f		كُبِّرْتِ kubbirti	كُبِّرَتْ kubbirat			كُبِّرَتَا kubbiratā			كُبِّرْتُنَّ kubbirtunna	كُبِّرْنَ kubbirna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُكَبَّرُ ʔukabbaru	تُكَبَّرُ tukabbaru	يُكَبَّرُ yukabbaru		تُكَبَّرَانِ tukabbarāni	يُكَبَّرَانِ yukabbarāni		نُكَبَّرُ nukabbaru	تُكَبَّرُونَ tukabbarūna	يُكَبَّرُونَ yukabbarūna
	f		تُكَبَّرِينَ tukabbarīna	تُكَبَّرُ tukabbaru			تُكَبَّرَانِ tukabbarāni			تُكَبَّرْنَ tukabbarna	يُكَبَّرْنَ yukabbarna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُكَبَّرَ ʔukabbara	تُكَبَّرَ tukabbara	يُكَبَّرَ yukabbara		تُكَبَّرَا tukabbarā	يُكَبَّرَا yukabbarā		نُكَبَّرَ nukabbara	تُكَبَّرُوا tukabbarū	يُكَبَّرُوا yukabbarū
	f		تُكَبَّرِي tukabbarī	تُكَبَّرَ tukabbara			تُكَبَّرَا tukabbarā			تُكَبَّرْنَ tukabbarna	يُكَبَّرْنَ yukabbarna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُكَبَّرْ ʔukabbar	تُكَبَّرْ tukabbar	يُكَبَّرْ yukabbar		تُكَبَّرَا tukabbarā	يُكَبَّرَا yukabbarā		نُكَبَّرْ nukabbar	تُكَبَّرُوا tukabbarū	يُكَبَّرُوا yukabbarū
	f		تُكَبَّرِي tukabbarī	تُكَبَّرْ tukabbar			تُكَبَّرَا tukabbarā			تُكَبَّرْنَ tukabbarna	يُكَبَّرْنَ yukabbarna

Descendants

• Maltese: kabbar

Noun

كُبَر • (kubar) pl (singular كُبْرَى (kubrā))

1. great calamities
   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 74:35:

     إِنَّهَا لَإِحْدَى الْكُبَرِ

     ʔinnahā laʔiḥdā al-kubari

     Lo! this is one of the greatest (portents)

     Translates Pickthall

Declension

Declension of noun كُبَر (kubar)

Plural	basic broken plural triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	كُبَر kubar	الْكُبَر al-kubar	كُبَر kubar
Nominative	كُبَرٌ kubarun	الْكُبَرُ al-kubaru	كُبَرُ kubaru
Accusative	كُبَرًا kubaran	الْكُبَرَ al-kubara	كُبَرَ kubara
Genitive	كُبَرٍ kubarin	الْكُبَرِ al-kubari	كُبَرِ kubari

Noun

كِبَر • (kibar) m

1. greatness, largeness
2. magnificence, majesty
3. old age
   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 2:266:

     أَيَوَدُّ أَحَدُكُمْ أَن تَكُونَ لَهُ جَنَّةٌ مِّن نَّخِيلٍ وَأَعْنَابٍ تَجْرِي مِن تَحْتِهَا ٱلْأَنْهَـٰرُ لَهُ فِيهَا مِن كُلِّ ٱلثَّمَرَٰتِ وَأَصَابَهُ ٱلْكِبَرُ وَلَهُ ذُرِّيَّةٌ ضُعَفَآءُ فَأَصَابَهَآ إِعْصَارٌ فِيهِ نَارٌ فَٱحْتَرَقَتْ

     ʔayawaddu ʔaḥadukum ʔan takūna lahu jannatun min naḵīlin waʔaʕnābin tajrī min taḥtihā l-ʔanhāru lahu fīhā min kulli ṯ-ṯamarāti waʔaṣābahu l-kibaru walahu ḏurriyyatun ḍuʕafaʔāʔu faʔaṣābahaʔā ʔiʕṣārun fīhi nārun faḥtaraqat

     Would any of you like to have a garden of palm-trees and vines, with rivers flowing underneath it, with all kinds of fruit for him therein; and old age hath stricken him and he hath feeble offspring; and a fiery whirlwind striketh it and it is (all) consumed by fire.

     Translates Pickthall

Declension

Declension of noun كِبَر (kibar)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	كِبَر kibar	الْكِبَر al-kibar	كِبَر kibar
Nominative	كِبَرٌ kibarun	الْكِبَرُ al-kibaru	كِبَرُ kibaru
Accusative	كِبَرًا kibaran	الْكِبَرَ al-kibara	كِبَرَ kibara
Genitive	كِبَرٍ kibarin	الْكِبَرِ al-kibari	كِبَرِ kibari

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Ge'ez ክብር (kəbr), see كِبْرِيَاء (kibriyāʔ).

Noun

كِبْر • (kibr) m

1. majesty, glory, highness
2. pride, presumptuosity, superciliousness, haughtiness, greed for glory
   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 40:56:

     إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ يُجَـٰدِلُونَ فِي ءَايَـٰتِ ٱللَّهِ بِغَيْرِ سُلْطَـٰنٍ أَتَىٰهُمْ إِن فِي صُدُورِهِمْ إِلَّا كِبْرٌ مَّا هُم بِبَـٰلِغِيهِ

     ʔinna llaḏīna yujādilūna fī ʔāyāti l-lahi biḡayri sulṭānin ʔatāhum ʔin fī ṣudūrihim ʔillā kibrun mā hum bibāliḡīhi

     Lo! those who wrangle concerning the revelations of Allah without a warrant having come unto them, there is naught else in their breasts save pride which they will never attain.

     Translates Pickthall

3. leonine share, greatest deal, bulk
   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 24:11:

     إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ جَآءُو بِٱلْإِفْكِ عُصْبَةٌ مِّنْكُمْ لَا تَحْسَبُوهُ شَرًّا لَّكُم بَلْ هُوَ خَيْرٌ لَّكُمْ لِكُلِّ ٱمْرِئٍ مِّنْهُم مَّا ٱكْتَسَبَ مِنَ ٱلْإِثْمِ وَٱلَّذِي تَوَلَّى كِبْرَهُ مِنْهُمْ لَهُ عَذَابٌ عَظِيمٌ

     ʔinna llaḏīna jaʔāʔū bi-l-ʔifki ʕuṣbatun minkum lā taḥsabūhu šarran lakum bal huwa ḵayrun lakum likulli mriʔin minhum mā ktasaba mina l-ʔiṯmi wallaḏī tawallā kibra-hū minhum la-hū ʕaḏābun ʕaẓīmun

     Lo! they who spread the slander are a gang among you. Deem it not a bad thing for you; nay, it is good for you. Unto every man of them (will be paid) that which he hath earned of the sin; and as for him among them who had the greater share therein, his will be an awful doom.

     Translates Pickthall

Declension

Declension of noun كِبْر (kibr)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	كِبْر kibr	الْكِبْر al-kibr	كِبْر kibr
Nominative	كِبْرٌ kibrun	الْكِبْرُ al-kibru	كِبْرُ kibru
Accusative	كِبْرًا kibran	الْكِبْرَ al-kibra	كِبْرَ kibra
Genitive	كِبْرٍ kibrin	الْكِبْرِ al-kibri	كِبْرِ kibri

Etymology 3

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Proper noun

كُبَّر • (kubbar) f

2. Kubbar, an uninhabited island in the Bay of Kuwait

Declension

Declension of noun كُبَّر (kubbar)

Singular	basic singular diptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	—	كُبَّر kubbar	—
Nominative	—	كُبَّرُ kubbaru	—
Accusative	—	كُبَّرَ kubbara	—
Genitive	—	كُبَّرَ kubbara	—

Etymology 4

From Classical Syriac ܩܦܪ (qappar, qappār, “caper-bush”) or Classical Syriac ܟܦܪ (kappar, kappār), considered from Ancient Greek κάππαρις (kápparis) of uncertain likely Asian origin.
For the variation a ⇌ ā in Aramaisms, compare سُكَّر (sukkar), سُكَّار (sukkār, “bolt-lock”) and قُنْبَر (qunbar), قُنْبَار (qunbār), كُنْبَار (kunbār, “coir”).

Alternative forms

• كَبَّار (kabbār), قَبَّار (qabbār)

Noun

كَبَر • (kabar) m

2. caper (Capparis gen. and especially Capparis spinosa, as well as the edible buds from it)

   Synonyms: شَفَلَّح (šafallaḥ), عِتْر (ʕitr), لَصَف (laṣaf)

Declension

Declension of noun كَبَر (kabar)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	كَبَر kabar	الْكَبَر al-kabar	كَبَر kabar
Nominative	كَبَرٌ kabarun	الْكَبَرُ al-kabaru	كَبَرُ kabaru
Accusative	كَبَرًا kabaran	الْكَبَرَ al-kabara	كَبَرَ kabara
Genitive	كَبَرٍ kabarin	الْكَبَرِ al-kabari	كَبَرِ kabari

Descendants

• → Middle Armenian: կապպար (kappar)
• → Galician: alcaparra
• → Portuguese: alcaparra
• → Spanish: alcaparra, alcaparro

Etymology 5

Borrowed from Ge'ez ከበሮ (käbäro, “drum, timbrel”).

Noun

كَبَر • (kabar) m (plural كِبَار (kibār) or أَكْبَار (ʔakbār))

2. (obsolete) drum, timbrel

Declension

Declension of noun كَبَر (kabar)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	كَبَر kabar	الْكَبَر al-kabar	كَبَر kabar
Nominative	كَبَرٌ kabarun	الْكَبَرُ al-kabaru	كَبَرُ kabaru
Accusative	كَبَرًا kabaran	الْكَبَرَ al-kabara	كَبَرَ kabara
Genitive	كَبَرٍ kabarin	الْكَبَرِ al-kabari	كَبَرِ kabari
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	كَبَرَيْن kabarayn	الْكَبَرَيْن al-kabarayn	كَبَرَيْ kabaray
Nominative	كَبَرَانِ kabarāni	الْكَبَرَانِ al-kabarāni	كَبَرَا kabarā
Accusative	كَبَرَيْنِ kabarayni	الْكَبَرَيْنِ al-kabarayni	كَبَرَيْ kabaray
Genitive	كَبَرَيْنِ kabarayni	الْكَبَرَيْنِ al-kabarayni	كَبَرَيْ kabaray
Plural	basic broken plural triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	كِبَار‎; أَكْبَار kibār‎; ʔakbār	الْكِبَار‎; الْأَكْبَار al-kibār‎; al-ʔakbār	كِبَار‎; أَكْبَار kibār‎; ʔakbār
Nominative	كِبَارٌ‎; أَكْبَارٌ kibārun‎; ʔakbārun	الْكِبَارُ‎; الْأَكْبَارُ al-kibāru‎; al-ʔakbāru	كِبَارُ‎; أَكْبَارُ kibāru‎; ʔakbāru
Accusative	كِبَارًا‎; أَكْبَارًا kibāran‎; ʔakbāran	الْكِبَارَ‎; الْأَكْبَارَ al-kibāra‎; al-ʔakbāra	كِبَارَ‎; أَكْبَارَ kibāra‎; ʔakbāra
Genitive	كِبَارٍ‎; أَكْبَارٍ kibārin‎; ʔakbārin	الْكِبَارِ‎; الْأَكْبَارِ al-kibāri‎; al-ʔakbāri	كِبَارِ‎; أَكْبَارِ kibāri‎; ʔakbāri

References

• Ahrens, Karl (1930) “Christliches im Qoran. Eine Nachlese”, in Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft‎^[1] (in German), volume 84, page 23
• Corriente, Federico, Pereira, Christophe, Vicente, Angeles, editors (2017), Dictionnaire du faisceau dialectal arabe andalou. Perspectives phraséologiques et étymologiques (in French), Berlin: De Gruyter, →ISBN, pages 1087–1088
• Freytag, Georg (1837) “كبر”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎^[2] (in Latin), volume 4, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, pages 3–4
• Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “كبر”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc‎^[3] (in French), volume 2, Paris: Maisonneuve et C^ie, page 853
• Löw, Immanuel (1928) Die Flora der Juden‎^[4] (in German), volume 1, Wien und Leipzig: R. Löwit, pages 322–331
• Nöldeke, Theodor (1910) Neue Beiträge zur semitischen Sprachwissenschaft‎^[5] (in German), Straßburg: Karl J. Trübner, page 56
• Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “كبر”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart‎^[6] (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, pages 1081–1083
• Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (2020) “كبر”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart (in German), 6th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 781

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

Borrowed from Persian گبر (gabr).

Noun

گبر • (gebr)

1. Zoroastrian

   Synonyms: آتش‌پرست (âteş-perest), مجوسی (mecûsî), زردشتی (zerdüştî)

Descendants

• → French: guèbre
  • → English: Guebre
• → German: Geber
• → Italian: guebro

South Levantine Arabic

Root
ك ب ر
3 terms

Etymology

From Arabic كَبَّرَ (kabbara).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kab.bar/, [ˈkab.bar]

• Audio (al-Lidd):

  (file)

Verb

كبّر • (kabbar) II (present بكبّر (bikabber))

1. to enlarge
2. (by extension) to exaggerate

   Synonym: بالغ (bālaḡ)

Conjugation

Conjugation of كبّر (kabbar)
		singular				plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
past	m	كبّرت (kabbart)	كبّرت (kabbart)	كبّر (kabbar)		كبّرنا (kabbarna)	كبّرتو (kabbartu)	كبّرو (kabbaru)
	f		كبّرتي (kabbarti)	كبّرت (kabbarat)
present	m	بكبّر (bakabber)	بتكبّر (bitkabber)	بكبّر (bikabber)		منكبّر (minkabber)	بتكبّرو (bitkabbru)	بكبّرو (bikabbru)
	f		بتكبّري (bitkabbri)	بتكبّر (bitkabber)
subjunctive	m	اكبّر (akabber)	تكبّر (tkabber)	يكبّر (ykabber)		نكبّر (nkabber)	تكبّرو (tkabbru)	يكبّرو (ykabbru)
	f		تكبّري (tkabbri)	تكبّر (tkabber)
imperative	m		كبّر (kabber)				كبّرو (kabbru)
	f		كبّري (kabbri)