萬乘

See also: 万乗 and 万乘

Chinese

		10,000	chariot pulled by a team of four horses
trad. (萬乘)		萬	乘
simp. (万乘)		万	乘

Etymology

In the Zhou Dynasty, a system was enacted whereby the emperor would be allotted a 1,000 li plot of land, along with a fleet of 10,000 chariots (萬乘／万乘). Later on, the term 萬乘／万乘 came to refer to the emperor.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): wànshèng

  (Zhuyin): ㄨㄢˋ ㄕㄥˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): maan⁶ sing⁶

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: wànshèng
    • Zhuyin: ㄨㄢˋ ㄕㄥˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: wànshèng
    • Wade–Giles: wan⁴-shêng⁴
    • Yale: wàn-shèng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wannshenq
    • Palladius: ваньшэн (vanʹšɛn)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /wän⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂɤŋ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: maan⁶ sing⁶
    • Yale: maahn sihng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: maan⁶ sing⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: man⁶ xing⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /maːn²² sɪŋ²²/

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• Middle Chinese: mjonH zyingH

Rime
Character	萬	乘
Reading #	1/1	2/2
Initial (聲)	明 (4)	船 (27)
Final (韻)	元 (66)	蒸 (133)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	無販切	實證切
Baxter	mjonH	zyingH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/mʉɐnH/	/ʑɨŋH/
Pan Wuyun	/mʷiɐnH/	/ʑɨŋH/
Shao Rongfen	/miuɐnH/	/ʑieŋH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/muanH/	/ʑiŋH/
Li Rong	/miuɐnH/	/d͡ʑiəŋH/
Wang Li	/mĭwɐnH/	/d͡ʑĭəŋH/
Bernard Karlgren	/mi̯wɐnH/	/d͡ʑʰi̯əŋH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	wàn	shèng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	maan6	sing6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.ma[n]-s  Cə.ləŋ-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*mlans  ɦljɯŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	萬	乘
Reading #	1/1	2/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	wàn	shèng
Middle Chinese	‹ mjonH ›	‹ zyingH ›
Old Chinese	/*C.ma[n]-s/	/*Cə.ləŋ-s/
English	10000	vehicle
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	萬	乘
Reading #	1/1	2/2
No.	12633	1458
Phonetic component	萬	乘
Rime group	元	蒸
Rime subdivision	1	0
Corresponding MC rime	万	乗
Old Chinese	/*mlans/	/*ɦljɯŋs/

Noun

萬乘

1. (archaic) the emperor
2. (archaic) 10,000 war chariots (each pulled by a team of four horses)

   • 萬乘之國弒其君者，必千乘之家。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     万乘之国弑其君者，必千乘之家。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Mencius, c. 4^th century BCE

     Wànshèng zhī guó shì qí jūn zhě, bì qiānshèng zhī jiā. [Pinyin]

     In the kingdom of ten thousand chariots, the murderer of his sovereign shall be the chief of a family of a thousand chariots.

3. a great country