sauss

Latgalian

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *saušás, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂sews-. Cognates include Latvian sauss and Lithuanian saũsas.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈsàu̯ss]
• Hyphenation: sauss

Adjective

sauss

1. dry

Declension

Indefinite declension of sauss (type 1 adjective)

	masculine		feminine
	singular	plural	singular	plural
nominative	sauss	sausi	sausa	sausys, sausas1)
genitive	sausa	sausu	sausys, sausas1)	sausu
dative	sausam	sausim	sausai	sausom
accusative	sausu	sausus	sausu	sausys, sausas1)
instrumental	sausu	sausim	sausu	sausom
locative	sausā	sausūs	sausā	sausuos
1) dialectal

Definite declension of sauss (type 1 adjective)

	masculine		feminine
	singular	plural	singular	plural
nominative	sausais, sausīs	sausī	sausuo	sausuos
genitive	sausuo	sausūs	sausuos	sausūs
dative	sausajam	sausajim	sausajai	sausajom
accusative	sausū	sausūs	sausū	sausuos
instrumental	sausū	sausajim	sausū	sausajom
locative	sausajā	sausajūs	sausajā	sausajuos

References

• Nicole Nau (2011) A short grammar of Latgalian, München: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN

Latvian

Etymology

From Proto-Baltic *sausas (perhaps from Proto-Balto-Slavic *saušás), from Proto-Indo-European *saus-, *sus- (“dry”), maybe from the stem *seu-, *sū-, *su- (“juice, liquid; to squeeze juice; to suck”) (whence also Latvian sūkt (“to suck”)), either with an additional s or reduplicated. The meaning change was probably “squeezed (for juice), sucked” > “without (juice, liquid)” > “dry.”

Cognates include Lithuanian saũsas, Old Prussian sausā (accusative; ā < an), Proto-Slavic *suxъ (Old Church Slavonic соухъ (suxŭ), Russian сухо́й (suxój), Belarusian сухі́ (suxí), Ukrainian сухи́й (suxýj), Bulgarian сух (suh), Czech suchý, Polish suchy), Sanskrit शुष्क (śuṣka), Ancient Greek αὖος (aûos) (< *sausos), Latin sūdus (“dry, sunny”) (< *susdos), Ossetian сусӕн (susæn, “dry month”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [sàws]

Adjective

sauss (definite sausais, comparative sausāks, superlative vissausākais, adverb sausi)

1. dry (containing (relatively) little or no liquid, moisture, vapor; whose surface has (relatively) little or no liquid, moisture)

   sausas smiltis ― dry sand

   sausa malka ― dry firewood

   sausas lapas ― dry leaves

   sauss zars ― dry branch, twig

   sauss sniegs, gaiss, tvaiks ― dry snow, air, steam

   sausas lūpas ― dry lips

   sausa āda ― dry skin

   sausi mati ― dry hair (= insufficiently nourished)

   varbūt pa ceļam gadīsies kāds šķūnītis... varētu ielīst siltā, sausā sienā ― maybe on the way there is some little barn... one could crawl into warm, dry hay

   acīs nemanīja asaru; šausmas bija acis darījušas sausas ― in (their) eyes no tears could be found; terror made (their) eyes dry

   abiem mutes bija sausas, un viņi pārtrauca sarunas, lai mazliet sakrātu siekalas uz mēles ― both (men) had dry mouths, and they stopped the conversation to save some saliva on their tongues

2. dry (which has lost the liquid or moisture that it previously had)

   sauss dīķis ― dry pond

   sausa aka ― dry well

   katls izvārījies sauss ― the kettle has boiled dry

   noslaucīt galdu sausu ― to wipe the table dry

   upe palika tik sausa, ka tajā varēja atrast mazāko akmeni ― the river stayed so dry that one could find the smallest stones in it

   kapteiņa puķu odekolona pudelīte ir sausa ― the captain's little flower cologne bottle is dry (= totally empty)

3. (usually definite forms) dry (containing less liquid, moisture than usual, than other comparable items)

   sausā barība ― dry food

   sausais raugs ― dry yeast

   sausais piens ― dried milk

   sausais spirts ― dry alcohol

   sausais ledus ― dry ice (solid CO₂)

   sausais vīns ― dry wine (prepared without adding alcohol or sugar)

4. (of climate, weather, their elements; of time periods or areas) dry (characterized by relatively little humidity in the air or soil, by relatively less rainfall)

   sauss laiks, klimats ― dry weather, climate

   sauss vējš ― dry wind

   sausa vasara ― dry summer

   sauss gads ― dry year

   sausa pļava ― dry meadow

   sausi meži ― dry forests

   sauss dzīvoklis, pagrabs ― dry apartment, basement

   Vidusāzijā ir viss vai gandriz viss, izņemot ūdeni; tā ir ļoti, ļoti sausa zeme ― Central Asia has everything or almost everything, except water; it is a very, very dry land

   bija atnākusi sausa, svelmaina diena ― a dry, scorching day had come

5. dry (which happens, is carried out without the use of water, of fluids; which does not produce water, fluids)

   sausā spodrināšana ― dry shine

   sausais putekļu uztvērējs ― dry dust collector

   sausais pleirīts ― dry pleurisy

   sauss klepus ― dry cough

6. (of people, their body parts) dry, thin, weak

   atbrauca mazs, sauss vīriņš stipri apnēsātā samta uzvalkā ― a little dry (= weak-looking) man arrived in a shabby velvet suit

   vanagu pagalmā ienāca Mālnieka tēvs, garš, sauss vecis ― MMālnieks' father came into the hawk yard, a tall, dry (= fragile) old man

7. (of people, their behavior) dry (without emotionality, without compassion or concern)

   sauss cilvēks ― dry person

   sauss stils ― dry style

   sausa valoda ― dry language

   cilvēki runāja, ka Strautmanis esot sauss un auksts ― people say that Strautmanis is dry and cold

8. (of activities, opinions) dry (without feelings; which causes no feelings)

   Ausma jutās nelaimīga neradošajā, sausajā bibliotēkas darbā ― Ausma felt unhappy in (= with) (the) non-creative, dry library work

   statistika ir nepielūdzama: šķietami sausie skaitļi allaž parāda, kas paveikts un kur vēl spēcīgāk pieliekams plecs ― statistics is relentless: the seemingly dry figures always show what (was) done and where shoulders must be bent even more strongly (= where one must work harder)

9. (of sounds) dry, toneless, hollow

   Paipa iesmējās sīku, sausu smiekliņu ― Paipa laughed a little dry laugh

Declension

indefinite declension (nenoteiktā galotne) of sauss

	masculine (vīriešu dzimte)			feminine (sieviešu dzimte)
	singular (vienskaitlis)	plural (daudzskaitlis)		singular (vienskaitlis)	plural (daudzskaitlis)
nominative (nominatīvs)	sauss	sausi		sausa	sausas
accusative (akuzatīvs)	sausu	sausus		sausu	sausas
genitive (ģenitīvs)	sausa	sausu		sausas	sausu
dative (datīvs)	sausam	sausiem		sausai	sausām
instrumental (instrumentālis)	sausu	sausiem		sausu	sausām
locative (lokatīvs)	sausā	sausos		sausā	sausās
vocative (vokatīvs)	—	—		—	—

Antonyms

• mikls
• mitrs
• slapjš
• valgs, valgans

Derived terms

• sausums

Related terms

• sausēt, sausināt
• susēt