ذراع

Arabic

Root
ذ ر ع (ḏ-r-ʕ)

Etymology

Cognate to Aramaic דְּרָעָא / ܕܪܥܐ (dərāʿā), Hebrew זְרוֹעַ (zərṓaʿ), Ugaritic 𐎏𐎗𐎓 (ḏrʿ), Ge'ez መዝራዕት (mäzraʿt), Tigre ዘራዕ (zäraʿ), መዛርዕት (mäzarəʿt), Tigrinya መዝራዕት (mäzraʿt), Soqotri direʿ, Shehri diráʿ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ði.raːʕ/

• Audio

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Noun

ذِرَاع • (ḏirāʕ) f (dual ذِرَاعَانِ (ḏirāʕāni), plural أَذْرُع (ʔaḏruʕ) or ذُرْعَان (ḏurʕān)) (countable)

1. (anatomy) the limb of any animal, an arm or leg

   Hypernym: طَرَف (ṭaraf, “an extremity, a termination”)

   Coordinate terms: جَنَاح (janāḥ, “a wing”), زِعْنِفَة (ziʕnifa, “a fin”)

   لِلْأُخْطُبُوطِ ثَمَانِي أَذْرُعٍ.

   lilʔuḵṭubūṭi ṯamānī ʔaḏruʕin.

   Octopuses have eight arms.

   1. (of primates) the portion of the upper appendage from the shoulder to wrist, the arm

      Synonym: (obsolete) يَد (yad)

      فِي ذِرَاعِ ٱلْإِنْسَانِ ثَلَاثَةُ عِظَامٍ: اِثْنَتَانِ فِي ٱلسَّاعِدِ ٱسْمَاهُمَا ٱلزَّنْدُ وَٱلْكُعْبُرَةُ وَوَاحِدَةٌ فِي ٱلْعَضُدِ.

      fī ḏirāʕi l-ʔinsāni ṯalāṯatu ʕiẓāmin: iṯnatāni fī s-sāʕidi smāhumā z-zandu wal-kuʕburatu wawāḥidatun fī l-ʕaḍudi.

      There are three bones in the human arm: two in the lower arm (called the ulna and the radius) and one in the upper arm.

   2. (by extension) something resembling, likened to, or related to an arm or arms (such as a lever, a shift lever, a lever arm, a crank arm, a jib, a boom, a branch or division, power, might, influence, and so on)
2. (anatomy, of primates) the portion of the upper appendage from the elbow to the wrist, the lower arm, the forearm

   Synonym: سَاعِد (sāʕid)

   Coordinate terms: عَضُد (ʕaḍud, “the upper arm”), يَد (yad, “the hand”), كَفّ (kaff, “the palm; the hand”)

3. a cubit, especially the Arabian cubit variously standardized by place, time, and item from 25–75 cm (10 in–2 ft 6 in).
   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 69:32:

     ثُمَّ فِي سِلْسِلَةٍ ذَرْعُهَا سَبْعُونَ ذِرَاعًا فَٱسْلُكُوهُ

     ṯumma fī silsilatin ḏarʕuhā sabʕūna ḏirāʕan faslukūhu

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Declension

Declension of noun ذِرَاع (ḏirāʕ)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	ذِرَاع ḏirāʕ	الذِّرَاع aḏ-ḏirāʕ	ذِرَاع ḏirāʕ
Nominative	ذِرَاعٌ ḏirāʕun	الذِّرَاعُ aḏ-ḏirāʕu	ذِرَاعُ ḏirāʕu
Accusative	ذِرَاعًا ḏirāʕan	الذِّرَاعَ aḏ-ḏirāʕa	ذِرَاعَ ḏirāʕa
Genitive	ذِرَاعٍ ḏirāʕin	الذِّرَاعِ aḏ-ḏirāʕi	ذِرَاعِ ḏirāʕi
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	ذِرَاعَيْن ḏirāʕayn	الذِّرَاعَيْن aḏ-ḏirāʕayn	ذِرَاعَيْ ḏirāʕay
Nominative	ذِرَاعَانِ ḏirāʕāni	الذِّرَاعَانِ aḏ-ḏirāʕāni	ذِرَاعَا ḏirāʕā
Accusative	ذِرَاعَيْنِ ḏirāʕayni	الذِّرَاعَيْنِ aḏ-ḏirāʕayni	ذِرَاعَيْ ḏirāʕay
Genitive	ذِرَاعَيْنِ ḏirāʕayni	الذِّرَاعَيْنِ aḏ-ḏirāʕayni	ذِرَاعَيْ ḏirāʕay
Plural	basic broken plural triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	أَذْرُع‎; ذُرْعَان ʔaḏruʕ‎; ḏurʕān	الْأَذْرُع‎; الذُّرْعَان al-ʔaḏruʕ‎; aḏ-ḏurʕān	أَذْرُع‎; ذُرْعَان ʔaḏruʕ‎; ḏurʕān
Nominative	أَذْرُعٌ‎; ذُرْعَانٌ ʔaḏruʕun‎; ḏurʕānun	الْأَذْرُعُ‎; الذُّرْعَانُ al-ʔaḏruʕu‎; aḏ-ḏurʕānu	أَذْرُعُ‎; ذُرْعَانُ ʔaḏruʕu‎; ḏurʕānu
Accusative	أَذْرُعًا‎; ذُرْعَانًا ʔaḏruʕan‎; ḏurʕānan	الْأَذْرُعَ‎; الذُّرْعَانَ al-ʔaḏruʕa‎; aḏ-ḏurʕāna	أَذْرُعَ‎; ذُرْعَانَ ʔaḏruʕa‎; ḏurʕāna
Genitive	أَذْرُعٍ‎; ذُرْعَانٍ ʔaḏruʕin‎; ḏurʕānin	الْأَذْرُعِ‎; الذُّرْعَانِ al-ʔaḏruʕi‎; aḏ-ḏurʕāni	أَذْرُعِ‎; ذُرْعَانِ ʔaḏruʕi‎; ḏurʕāni

Descendants

• Maltese: driegħ
• → English: dira
• → Swahili: dhiraa

References

• Dillmann, August (1865) Lexicon linguae aethiopicae cum indice latino (in Latin), Leipzig: T. O. Weigel, column 1047
• Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881) “ذراع”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes‎^[1] (in French), volume 2, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 485
• Freytag, Georg (1833) “ذراع”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎^[2] (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 85
• Lane, Edward William (1863) “ذراع”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎^[3], London: Williams & Norgate, page 961
• Leslau, Wolf (1938) Lexique Soqotri (sudarabique moderne) avec comparaisons et explications étymologiques (in French), Wiesbaden: Libraire C. Klincksieck, page 136
• Leslau, Wolf (1991) Comparative Dictionary of Geʿez (Classical Ethiopic), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 379
• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “ذراع”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎^[4], London: W.H. Allen, page 385
• Wahrmund, Adolf (1887) “ذراع”, in Handwörterbuch der neu-arabischen und deutschen Sprache‎^[5] (in German), volume 1, Gießen: J. Ricker’sche Buchhandlung, page 705
• Wehr, Hans (1979) “ذراع”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, page 356

South Levantine Arabic

Etymology

Semi-learned borrowing from Arabic ذِرَاع (ḏirāʕ).

Noun

ذراع • (ḏrāʕ) m

1. (formal) arm

   Synonym: إيد (ʔīd)