匱

See also: 匮

匱 U+5331, 匱 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5331 ← 匰 [U+5330] CJK Unified Ideographs 匲 → [U+5332]

Translingual

Han character

匱 (Kangxi radical 22, 匚+12, 14 strokes, cangjie input 尸中一金 (SLMC), four-corner 7171₈, composition ⿷匚貴)

Derived characters

• 𠏺, 㙺, 𡣓, 𫻑, 𢷴, 櫃, 𥎛, 𦆠, 鑎, 𩍨, 𩏱, 䕚, 籄

Descendants

• 櫃

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 154, character 20
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2651
• Dae Jaweon: page 346, character 24
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 89, character 14
• Unihan data for U+5331

Chinese

trad.		匱
simp.		匮
alternative forms		㙺／𰊛 鐀／𬭢 鑎 𨙑 𰅩

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 匱
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (貴) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
藬	*l'uːl
僓	*l̥ʰuːlʔ, *ɡluːds
頹	*l'uːl
穨	*l'uːl
蘈	*l'uːl
隤	*l'uːl
墤	*l'uːl, *kʰruːds
尵	*l'uːl, *r'uːl
蹪	*l'uːl
瀢	*l'uːlʔ, *lulʔ
鞼	*kluːl, *ɡruls
膭	*kluːl, *ɡluːls
憒	*kluːds
靧	*ɡluːds
潰	*ɡluːls
繢	*ɡluːds
嬇	*ɡluːds, *kʰruːds
殨	*ɡluːds
闠	*ɡluːds
簣	*kʰruːds, *ɡruds
嘳	*kʰruːds, *kʰruds
蕢	*kʰruːds, *ɡruds
聵	*ŋɡruːds
樻	*kʰruds, *ɡruds
䙡	*kʰruds, *kʰluds
匱	*ɡruds
臾	*ɡruds, *lo
饋	*ɡruls
櫃	*ɡruds
遺	*lul, *luls
壝	*lul, *lulʔ
瞶	*luls, *kluls
貴	*kluds

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡruds) : semantic 匚 (“cabinet”) + phonetic 貴 (OC *kluds, “valuables”).

Etymology

“quecto-”

Phono-semantic matching of English quecto-. Coined by the Bureau of Standards, Metrology and Inspection of the Republic of China Ministry of Economic Affairs (經濟部標準檢驗局) and first published on 31 October 2023.

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): kuì (kui⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄎㄨㄟˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gwai⁶
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khùi / kūi

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: kuì
    • Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄟˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: kuèi
    • Wade–Giles: kʻuei⁴
    • Yale: kwèi
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kuey
    • Palladius: куй (kuj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: gwai⁶
    • Yale: gwaih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gwai⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: guei⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʷɐi̯²²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khùi
    • Tâi-lô: khuì
    • Phofsit Daibuun: quix
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kʰui²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰui⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kūi
    • Tâi-lô: kuī
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kui
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kui³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kui²²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kui⁴¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: gwijH

Rime
Character	匱
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	群 (30)
Final (韻)	脂 (18)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	求位切
Baxter	gwijH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɡˠiuɪH/
Pan Wuyun	/ɡʷᵚiH/
Shao Rongfen	/ɡiuɪH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/gjwiH/
Li Rong	/ɡjuiH/
Wang Li	/ɡwiH/
Bernard Karlgren	/gwiH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	guì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gwai6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]ruj-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡruds/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	匱
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	guì
Middle Chinese	‹ gwijH ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɡ]ruj-s/
English	box (n.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	匱
Reading #	1/1
No.	4733
Phonetic component	貴
Rime group	隊
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	匱
Old Chinese	/*ɡruds/

Definitions

匱

1. (literary) to lack; to be deficient in; to be short of

   • 錢之為言泉也。百姓日用，其源不匱。無遠不往，無深不至。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     钱之为言泉也。百姓日用，其源不匮。无远不往，无深不至。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Western Jin, 魯褒, 錢神論

     Qián zhī wèi yán quán yě. Bǎixìng rì yòng, qí yuán bù kuì. Wú yuǎn bù wǎng, wú shēn bù zhì. [Pinyin]

     Money is also called a spring. The masses use it daily, its source never runs dry. There is no distant place it does not go to; there are no depths it does not reach.

2. ^† Alternative form of 簣／篑 (kuì, “basket for carrying earth”)
3. ^† Alternative form of 潰／溃 (“to collapse; to be routed”)
4. ^† Alternative form of 饋／馈 (kuì, “to gift”)
5. [from 2023] (Taiwan) quecto- (SI unit prefix)

   Synonym: 虧／亏 (kuī) (Mainland)

Compounds

• 不匱／不匮
• 不虞匱乏／不虞匮乏
• 匱乏／匮乏 (kuìfá)
• 匱盟／匮盟
• 匱缺／匮缺
• 民窮財匱／民穷财匮
• 永錫不匱／永锡不匮
• 空匱／空匮
• 窮匱／穷匮
• 財匱力絀／财匮力绌

 

See also

SI prefix
Last
絨/柔／绒/柔	匱/虧／匮/亏

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): guì (gui⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄟˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gwai⁶

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: guì
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄟˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: guèi
    • Wade–Giles: kuei⁴
    • Yale: gwèi
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guey
    • Palladius: гуй (guj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku̯eɪ̯⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: gwai⁶
    • Yale: gwaih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gwai⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: guei⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʷɐi̯²²/

---

• Middle Chinese: gwijH

Rime
Character	匱
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	群 (30)
Final (韻)	脂 (18)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	求位切
Baxter	gwijH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɡˠiuɪH/
Pan Wuyun	/ɡʷᵚiH/
Shao Rongfen	/ɡiuɪH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/gjwiH/
Li Rong	/ɡjuiH/
Wang Li	/ɡwiH/
Bernard Karlgren	/gwiH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	guì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gwai6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]ruj-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡruds/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	匱
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	guì
Middle Chinese	‹ gwijH ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɡ]ruj-s/
English	box (n.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	匱
Reading #	1/1
No.	4733
Phonetic component	貴
Rime group	隊
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	匱
Old Chinese	/*ɡruds/

Definitions

匱

1. ^† Original form of 櫃／柜 (guì, “cabinet; cupboard; reservoir”).

Compounds

• 發匱／发匮
• 石室金匱／石室金匮
• 金匱／金匮 (jīnguì)
• 金匱石室／金匮石室

 

Japanese

Kanji

匱

(Hyōgai kanji)

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Readings

• On (unclassified): き (ki)、ぎ (gi)
• Kun: ひつ (hitsu)

Korean

Hanja

匱 (eum 궤 (gwe))

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Vietnamese

Han character

匱: Hán Nôm readings: quĩ

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