怠

怠 U+6020, 怠 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6020 ← 怟 [U+601F] CJK Unified Ideographs 怡 → [U+6021]

Translingual

Han character

怠 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 戈口心 (IRP) or 難戈口心 (XIRP), four-corner 2333₆, composition ⿱台心)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 381, character 15
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10469
• Dae Jaweon: page 709, character 14
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2283, character 1
• Unihan data for U+6020

Chinese

simp. and trad.		怠

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (台) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
胎	*l̥ʰɯː
台	*l̥ʰɯː, *l'ɯː, *l'ɯː, *lɯ
邰	*l̥ʰɯː
鮐	*l̥ʰɯː, *lɯ
孡	*l̥ʰɯː
苔	*l'ɯː
抬	*l'ɯː
駘	*l'ɯː, *l'ɯːʔ
炱	*l'ɯː
菭	*l'ɯː, *l'i
跆	*l'ɯː
殆	*l'ɯːʔ
怠	*l'ɯːʔ
迨	*l'ɯːʔ
紿	*l'ɯːʔ
詒	*l'ɯːʔ, *lɯ
軩	*l'ɯːʔ
咍	*hlɯː
佁	*lɯːʔ, *l̥ʰɯs, *lɯʔ
枲	*slɯʔ
辝	*ljɯ
鈶	*ljɯʔ
笞	*l̥ʰɯ
齝	*l̥ʰɯ, *hljɯ
眙	*l̥ʰɯs, *lɯ
治	*l'ɯ, *l'ɯs, *l'is
始	*hljɯʔ
怡	*lɯ
貽	*lɯ
飴	*lɯ
瓵	*lɯ
珆	*li

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'ɯːʔ) : phonetic 台 (OC *l̥ʰɯː, *l'ɯː, *l'ɯː, *lɯ) + semantic 心 (“heart”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): dài (dai⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄉㄞˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): toi⁵ / doi⁶
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): tāi / tǎi

  (Teochew, Peng'im): dai⁶

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: dài
    • Zhuyin: ㄉㄞˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: dài
    • Wade–Giles: tai⁴
    • Yale: dài
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: day
    • Palladius: дай (daj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /taɪ̯⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: toi⁵ / doi⁶
    • Yale: tóih / doih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: toi⁵ / doi⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: toi⁵ / doi⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰɔːi̯¹³/, /tɔːi̯²²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tāi
    • Tâi-lô: tāi
    • Phofsit Daibuun: dai
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tai³³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tai⁴¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tai²²/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tǎi
    • Tâi-lô: tǎi
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tai²²/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: dai⁶
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tăi
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tai³⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: dojX

Rime
Character	怠
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	定 (7)
Final (韻)	咍 (41)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	徒亥切
Baxter	dojX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/dʌiX/
Pan Wuyun	/dəiX/
Shao Rongfen	/dɒiX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/dəjX/
Li Rong	/dᴀiX/
Wang Li	/dɒiX/
Bernard Karlgren	/dʱɑ̆iX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	dài
Expected Cantonese Reflex	doi6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*lˤəʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*l'ɯːʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	怠
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	dài
Middle Chinese	‹ dojX ›
Old Chinese	/*lˁəʔ/
English	idle, negligent
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	怠
Reading #	1/1
No.	12273
Phonetic component	台
Rime group	之
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	駘
Old Chinese	/*l'ɯːʔ/

Definitions

怠

1. idle; lazy; negligent
2. disrespectful
3. (literary) weary; exhausted

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 懶惰 (“lazy”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		懶, 惰, 懈, 怠
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		懶惰
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	懶
	Taiwan	懶
	Singapore	懶, 懶惰
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	懶
Central Plains Mandarin	Xi'an	懶
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	懶
	Wuhan	懶
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	懶
	Hefei	懶
Cantonese	Guangzhou	懶, 蛇
	Hong Kong	懶, 蛇
	Taishan	懶
	Yangjiang	懶
	Singapore (Guangfu)	懶
Gan	Nanchang	懶
Hakka	Meixian	懶, 懶屍
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	懶屍
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	懶屍
	Pingtung (Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian)	懶屍
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	懶屍
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	懶屍
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	懶屍
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	懶屍
Jin	Taiyuan	懶
Northern Min	Jian'ou	惰
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	懶, 懶屍, 懶漢, 二婿
Southern Min	Xiamen	貧惰, 臭惰, 懶屍, 荏懶, 懶賤, 漚肉
	Quanzhou	貧惰, 臭惰, 荏懶, 臭肉, 漚肉
	Zhangzhou	貧惰, 臭惰, 懶屍, 荏懶, 想死, 懶賤, 漚肉, 屎礐蟲
	Taipei	荏懶, 貧惰, 懶屍
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	荏懶, 貧惰, 懶屍
	Kaohsiung	荏懶, 貧惰, 懶屍
	Yilan	荏懶, 貧惰, 懶屍
	Changhua (Lukang)	貧惰
	Taichung	貧惰
	Tainan	荏懶, 貧惰, 懶屍
	Hsinchu	貧惰
	Kinmen	貧惰
	Penghu (Magong)	貧惰
	Penang (Hokkien)	荏懶, 貧惰
	Singapore (Hokkien)	荏懶, 貧惰
	Manila (Hokkien)	貧惰, 荏懶, 臭惰, 臭骨
	Chaozhou	惰
	Shantou	惰
	Jieyang	惰
	Singapore (Teochew)	惰
	Leizhou	惰
	Haikou	惰
Wu	Shanghai	懶
	Suzhou	懶, 懶怕
	Wenzhou	懶
Xiang	Changsha	懶
	Shuangfeng	懶

Compounds

• 倨傲怠慢
• 倦怠 (juàndài)
• 孜孜不怠
• 怠倦
• 怠工 (dàigōng)
• 怠廢／怠废
• 怠忽
• 怠忽職守／怠忽职守
• 怠息
• 怠惰 (dàiduò)
• 怠慢 (dàimàn)
• 怠散
• 怠玩
• 怠緩／怠缓
• 怠駛／怠驶
• 意怠
• 懈怠 (xièdài)
• 懶怠／懒怠
• 荒怠
• 豫怠
• 輕怠／轻怠

 

References

• “怠”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

怠

(Jōyō kanji)

1. neglect
2. laziness

Readings

• Go-on: だい (dai)
• Kan-on: たい (tai, Jōyō)
• Kun: おこたる (okotaru, 怠る, Jōyō)、なまける (namakeru, 怠ける, Jōyō)

Compounds

• 怠(なま)け者(もの) (namakemono)
• 懈怠(かいたい) (kaitai), 懈(け)怠(たい) (ketai), 懈(け)怠(だい) (kedai)

Korean

Hanja

怠 • (tae) (hangeul 태, revised tae, McCune–Reischauer t'ae, Yale thay)

1. lazy
2. neglect

Vietnamese

Han character

怠: Hán Nôm readings: đãi

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation