皇考

Chinese

		emperor; surname	[deceased] father
simp. and trad. (皇考)		皇	考

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): huángkǎo

  (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄤˊ ㄎㄠˇ

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: huángkǎo
    • Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄤˊ ㄎㄠˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: huángkǎo
    • Wade–Giles: huang²-kʻao³
    • Yale: hwáng-kǎu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hwangkao
    • Palladius: хуанкао (xuankao)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ kʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Noun

皇考

1. (archaic, respectful) one's deceased paternal great-grandfather or father

   • 祭王父曰皇祖考，王母曰皇祖妣。父曰皇考，母曰皇妣。夫曰皇辟。生曰父、曰母、曰妻，死曰考、曰妣、曰嬪。 [MSC, trad.]
     祭王父曰皇祖考，王母曰皇祖妣。父曰皇考，母曰皇妣。夫曰皇辟。生曰父、曰母、曰妻，死曰考、曰妣、曰嫔。 [MSC, simp.]

     From: The Book of Rites, Qu Li II, 122

     Jì wángfù yuē huángzǔkǎo, wángmǔ yuē huángzǔbǐ. Fù yuē huángkǎo, mǔ yuē huángbǐ. Fū yuē huángpì. Shēng yuē fù, yuē mǔ, yuē qī, sǐ yuē kǎo, yuē bǐ, yuē pín. [Pinyin]

     In sacrificing to them, a grandfather is called "the sovereign grandfather"; a grandmother, "the sovereign grandmother"; a father, "the sovereign father"; a mother, "the sovereign mother"; a husband, "the sovereign pattern". While alive, the names of father, mother, and wife are used; when they are dead, those of "the completed one", "the corresponding one", and "the honored one".

2. (archaic) ancestors; forebears; forefathers; progenitor

Synonyms

• (ancestors):

• 上輩／上辈 (shàngbèi)
• 上輩子／上辈子 (shàngbèizi)
• 先人 (xiānrén)
• 先代 (xiāndài) (literary)
• 先古 (xiāngǔ) (literary)
• 先君 (xiānjūn) (literary)
• 先祖 (xiānzǔ) (literary)
• 先輩／先辈 (xiānbèi)
• 公婆 (Hokkien)
• 公媽／公妈 (Min Nan)
• 早勻／早匀 (Xiamen Hokkien)
• 父祖 (fùzǔ) (literary)
• 祖上 (zǔshàng)
• 祖先 (zǔxiān)
• 祖宗 (zǔzōng)
• 老祖宗
• 老輩／老辈 (lǎobèi)

 

Japanese

Kanji in this term
皇	考
こう Grade: 6	こう Grade: 2
on’yomi

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) こーこー [kòókóó] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [ko̞ːko̞ː]

Noun

皇(こう)考(こう) • (kōkō) ^{←くわうかう (kwaukau)?}

1. (respectful) current emperor's deceased paternal father
2. (respectful) grandfather

Related terms

• 先(せん)帝(てい) (sentei, “the late emperor”)