預備

See also: 豫備 and 予備

Chinese

		to advance; in advance; beforehand to advance; in advance; beforehand; to prepare	to prepare; get ready; to provide or equip
trad. (預備)		預	備
simp. (预备)		预	备
alternative forms		豫備／豫备 (obsolete)

Etymology

Taiwanese Hokkien pronunciations of ió-bih, iú-bih are from Japanese 予備(よび) (yobi).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yùbèi

  (Zhuyin): ㄩˋ ㄅㄟˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jyu⁶ bei⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yi-phi
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ū-pī / īr-pī / ī-pī / ió-bih / iú-bih
• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁶yu-be

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yùbèi
    • Zhuyin: ㄩˋ ㄅㄟˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yùbèi
    • Wade–Giles: yü⁴-pei⁴
    • Yale: yù-bèi
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yuhbey
    • Palladius: юйбэй (jujbɛj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /y⁵¹⁻⁵³ peɪ̯⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: jyu⁶ bei⁶
    • Yale: yuh beih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jy⁶ bei⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: yu⁶ béi⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jyː²² pei̯²²/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yi-phi
    • Hakka Romanization System: i pi
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yi⁴ pi⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /i⁵⁵ pʰi⁵⁵/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yi-phi
    • Hakka Romanization System: (r)i pi
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yi⁴ pi⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /(j)i⁵⁵ pʰi⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Taipei)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ū-pī
    • Tâi-lô: ū-pī
    • Phofsit Daibuun: uxpi
    • IPA (Taipei): /u³³⁻¹¹ pi³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /u²²⁻²¹ pi²²/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: īr-pī
    • Tâi-lô: īr-pī
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ɯ⁴¹⁻²² pi⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ī-pī
    • Tâi-lô: ī-pī
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ixpi
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /i³³⁻²¹ pi³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /i²²⁻²¹ pi²²/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ió-bih
    • Tâi-lô: ió-bih
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ioy'biq
    • IPA (Taipei): /io⁵³⁻⁴⁴ biʔ³²/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ biʔ³²/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iú-bih
    • Tâi-lô: iú-bih
    • Phofsit Daibuun: iw'biq
    • IPA (Taipei): /iu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ biʔ³²/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /iu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ biʔ³²/
• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ⁶yu-be
    • MiniDict: yu^去 be
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³hhy-be
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦy²² be⁴⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: yoH bijH

Rime
Character	預	備
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	以 (36)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	魚 (22)	脂 (17)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	羊洳切	平祕切
Baxter	yoH	bijH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jɨʌH/	/bˠiɪH/
Pan Wuyun	/jiɔH/	/bᵚiH/
Shao Rongfen	/iɔH/	/biɪH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/jɨə̆H/	/bjiH/
Li Rong	/iɔH/	/bjiH/
Wang Li	/jĭoH/	/biH/
Bernard Karlgren	/i̯woH/	/bʱiH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yù	bì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jyu6	bei6

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*las  brɯɡs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	備
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	bèi
Middle Chinese	‹ bijH ›
Old Chinese	/*[b]rək-s/
English	complete (adj.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	預	備
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	15740	426
Phonetic component	予	備
Rime group	魚	代
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	豫	備
Old Chinese	/*las/	/*brɯɡs/

Verb

預備

1. to prepare; to get ready; to make ready

   各就各位，預備，跑！ [MSC, trad.]
   各就各位，预备，跑！ [MSC, simp.]

   Gèjiùgèwèi, yùbèi, pǎo! [Pinyin]

   On your marks, get set, go!

   • 妳感覺不如預備幾個看看 [Taiwanese Hokkien, trad.]
     你感觉不如预备几个看看 [Taiwanese Hokkien, simp.]

     From: 1995, Why Not (lyricist 陳民轅), 無法度按捺

     lí kám-kak put-lû -iú-bih kúi ê khòaⁿ-māi [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

2. (literary) to guard against; to take precautions against

Synonyms

• (to prepare):

• 備辦／备办 (bèibàn)
• 傳／传 (Quanzhou Hokkien, Xiamen Hokkien)
• 商量 (shāngliàng) (Classical Chinese)
• 張羅／张罗
• 準備／准备 (zhǔnbèi)
• 籌備／筹备 (chóubèi)
• 醞釀／酝酿 (yùnniàng) (figurative)

 

• (to guard against):

• 免除 (miǎnchú)
• 嚴防／严防 (yánfáng)
• 戒備／戒备 (jièbèi)
• 提防
• 謹防／谨防 (jǐnfáng)
• 避 (bì) (literary, or in compounds)
• 避免 (bìmiǎn)
• 防 (fáng)
• 防備／防备 (fángbèi)
• 防止 (fángzhǐ)
• 防範／防范 (fángfàn)
• 阻止 (zǔzhǐ)
• 預防／预防 (yùfáng)

 

Derived terms

• 預備役／预备役 (yùbèiyì)
• 預備金／预备金
• 預備隊／预备队 (yùbèiduì)

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (預備):

• → Japanese: 予備(よび) (yobi)
• → Korean: 예비(豫備) (yebi)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
預	備
よ Grade: 6	び Grade: 5
on’yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 預備 – see the following entry.

【予備よび】 [noun] reserve (that which is reserved, or kept back, as for future use), spare, preliminaries

(This term, 預備, is an alternative spelling (obsolete) of the above term.)