γλαυκός

See also: Γλαῦκος

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Uncertain origin. Barber reconstructs Proto-Indo-European *gleh₂w-ko-, noting that the root only appears in Greek (Homer, Aeschylus),^[1] but Beekes finds an Indo-European origin unlikely.^[2]

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ɡlau̯.kós/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ɡlaʍˈkos/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ɣlaɸˈkos/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ɣlafˈkos/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ɣlafˈkos/

Adjective

γλαυκός • (glaukós) m (feminine γλαυκή, neuter γλαυκόν); first/second declension

gleaming, bright
blue-green or blue-gray
- 406 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus 700–701:
  Χορός ... ὃ τᾷδε θάλλει μέγιστα χώρᾳ,
  γλαυκᾶς παιδοτρόφου φύλλον ἐλαίας
  Khorós ... hò tâide thállei mégista khṓrāi,
  glaukâs paidotróphou phúllon elaías
  Chorus: [a plant] that flourishes greatly in this land,
  the leaf of the child-nourishing gray olive tree
(of an eye color) light blue or gray

Inflection

First and second declension of γλαυκός; γλαυκή; γλαυκόν (Attic)

Number	Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	γλαυκός glaukós	γλαυκή glaukḗ	γλαυκόν glaukón	γλαυκώ glaukṓ	γλαυκᾱ́ glaukā́	γλαυκώ glaukṓ	γλαυκοί glaukoí	γλαυκαί glaukaí	γλαυκᾰ́ glaukắ
Genitive	γλαυκοῦ glaukoû	γλαυκῆς glaukês	γλαυκοῦ glaukoû	γλαυκοῖν glaukoîn	γλαυκαῖν glaukaîn	γλαυκοῖν glaukoîn	γλαυκῶν glaukôn	γλαυκῶν glaukôn	γλαυκῶν glaukôn
Dative	γλαυκῷ glaukôi	γλαυκῇ glaukêi	γλαυκῷ glaukôi	γλαυκοῖν glaukoîn	γλαυκαῖν glaukaîn	γλαυκοῖν glaukoîn	γλαυκοῖς glaukoîs	γλαυκαῖς glaukaîs	γλαυκοῖς glaukoîs
Accusative	γλαυκόν glaukón	γλαυκήν glaukḗn	γλαυκόν glaukón	γλαυκώ glaukṓ	γλαυκᾱ́ glaukā́	γλαυκώ glaukṓ	γλαυκούς glaukoús	γλαυκᾱ́ς glaukā́s	γλαυκᾰ́ glaukắ
Vocative	γλαυκέ glauké	γλαυκή glaukḗ	γλαυκόν glaukón	γλαυκώ glaukṓ	γλαυκᾱ́ glaukā́	γλαυκώ glaukṓ	γλαυκοί glaukoí	γλαυκαί glaukaí	γλαυκᾰ́ glaukắ
Derived forms	Adverb			Comparative			Superlative
Derived forms	γλαυκῶς glaukôs			γλαυκότερος glaukóteros			γλαυκότᾰτος glaukótătos
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Antonyms

(antonym(s) of “eye color”): αἰγωπός (aigōpós), μέλας (mélas), χαροπός (kharopós)

Derived terms

Γλαυκή (Glaukḗ)
γλαύκινος (glaúkinos)
γλαύκιον (glaúkion)
Γλαυκίππη (Glaukíppē)
Γλαῦκος (Glaûkos)
γλαύκωμα (glaúkōma)
ὑπόγλαυκος (hupóglaukos)

Descendants

→ Latin: glaucus
- → Catalan: glauc
- → English: glaucous
- → French: glauque
  - → Romanian: glauc
- → Italian: glauco
- → Portuguese: glauco
- → Romanian: glauc
- → Spanish: glauco
- Translingual: See glauc at the Catalogue of Life

Colors in Ancient Greek · χρώμᾰτᾰ (khrṓmătă) (layout · text)
λευκός (leukós)	γλαυκός (glaukós), κῐλλός (kĭllós), πολῐός (polĭós), φαιός (phaiós), χαροπός (kharopós)	ᾰ̓μαυρός (ămaurós), κελαινός (kelainós), μαυρός (maurós), μέλᾱς (mélās)
ἐρῠθρός (erŭthrós); κᾰρῡ́κῐνος (kărū́kĭnos), κόκκῐνος (kókkĭnos), φοινός (phoinós)	πυρρός (purrhós); ὄρφνῐνος (órphnĭnos)	μήλινος (mḗlinos), ξᾰνθός (xănthós); ὠχρός (ōkhrós)
πρᾰ́σῐνος (prắsĭnos)	χλωρός (khlōrós)	χλωρός (khlōrós); χλωρομέλᾱς (khlōromélās)
κῠᾰ́νεος (kŭắneos); γλαυκός (glaukós), κᾰλάϊνος (kăláïnos)	κῠᾰ́νεος (kŭắneos)	κῠᾰ́νεος (kŭắneos), ὑᾰκῐ́νθῐνος (huăkĭ́nthĭnos)
ἰόεις (ióeis), φοινῑ́κεος (phoinī́keos); ᾰ̔λουργής (hălourgḗs), πορφῠ́ρεος (porphŭ́reos), οἶνοψ (oînops)	φοινῑ́κεος (phoinī́keos); ᾰ̔λουργής (hălourgḗs), πορφῠ́ρεος (porphŭ́reos)	ῥόδινος (rhódinos), ῥοδόεις (rhodóeis)

References

^ Barber, Sievers' Law and the History of Semivowel Syllabicity in Indo-European and Ancient Greek
^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 274-275