γλαυκός

See also: Γλαῦκος

Ancient Greek

Grey olive leaves

Etymology

Uncertain origin. Barber reconstructs Proto-Indo-European *gleh₂w-ko-, noting that the root only appears in Greek (Homer, Aeschylus), but Beekes finds an Indo-European origin unlikely.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /ɡlau̯.kós/ → /ɣlaɸˈkos/ → /ɣlafˈkos/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ɡlau̯.kós/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ɡlaʍˈkos/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ɣlaɸˈkos/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ɣlafˈkos/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ɣlafˈkos/

Adjective

γλαυκός • (glaukós) m (feminine γλαυκή, neuter γλαυκόν); first/second declension

1. gleaming, bright
2. blue-green or blue-gray
   • 406 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus 700–701:

     Χορός   ... ὃ τᾷδε θάλλει μέγιστα χώρᾳ,
     γλαυκᾶς παιδοτρόφου φύλλον ἐλαίας

     Khorós   ... hò tâide thállei mégista khṓrāi,
     glaukâs paidotróphou phúllon elaías

     Chorus: [a plant] that flourishes greatly in this land,
     the leaf of the child-nourishing gray olive tree

3. (of an eye color) light blue or gray

Inflection

First and second declension of γλαυκός; γλαυκή; γλαυκόν (Attic)

Number		Singular				Dual				Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		γλαυκός glaukós	γλαυκή glaukḗ	γλαυκόν glaukón		γλαυκώ glaukṓ	γλαυκᾱ́ glaukā́	γλαυκώ glaukṓ		γλαυκοί glaukoí	γλαυκαί glaukaí	γλαυκᾰ́ glauká
Genitive		γλαυκοῦ glaukoû	γλαυκῆς glaukês	γλαυκοῦ glaukoû		γλαυκοῖν glaukoîn	γλαυκαῖν glaukaîn	γλαυκοῖν glaukoîn		γλαυκῶν glaukôn	γλαυκῶν glaukôn	γλαυκῶν glaukôn
Dative		γλαυκῷ glaukôi	γλαυκῇ glaukêi	γλαυκῷ glaukôi		γλαυκοῖν glaukoîn	γλαυκαῖν glaukaîn	γλαυκοῖν glaukoîn		γλαυκοῖς glaukoîs	γλαυκαῖς glaukaîs	γλαυκοῖς glaukoîs
Accusative		γλαυκόν glaukón	γλαυκήν glaukḗn	γλαυκόν glaukón		γλαυκώ glaukṓ	γλαυκᾱ́ glaukā́	γλαυκώ glaukṓ		γλαυκούς glaukoús	γλαυκᾱ́ς glaukā́s	γλαυκᾰ́ glauká
Vocative		γλαυκέ glauké	γλαυκή glaukḗ	γλαυκόν glaukón		γλαυκώ glaukṓ	γλαυκᾱ́ glaukā́	γλαυκώ glaukṓ		γλαυκοί glaukoí	γλαυκαί glaukaí	γλαυκᾰ́ glauká
Derived forms		Adverb				Comparative				Superlative
		γλαυκῶς glaukôs				γλαυκότερος glaukóteros				γλαυκότᾰτος glaukótatos
Notes:		This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Antonyms

• (eye color): αἰγωπός (aigōpós), μέλας (mélas), χαροπός (kharopós)

Derived terms

• γλαύκινος (glaúkinos)
• γλαύκιον (glaúkion)
• Γλαῦκος (Glaûkos)
• γλαύκωμα (glaúkōma)
• ὑπόγλαυκος (hupóglaukos)
• Γλαυκίππη (Glaukíppē)

Descendants

• Latin: glaucus
  • Catalan: glauc
  • → English: glaucous
  • French: glauque
    • → Romanian: glauc
  • Italian: glauco
  • Portuguese: glauco
  • Romanian: glauc
  • Spanish: glauco
  • Translingual: See glauc at the Catalogue of Life 

See also

Colors in Ancient Greek · χρῶμᾰ (khrôma), χρώμᾰτᾰ (khrṓmata) (layout · text)

λευκός (leukós)	πολῐός (poliós), γλαυκός (glaukós), φαιός (phaiós), χαροπός (kharopós)	μέλᾱς (mélās), κελαινός (kelainós)
ἐρῠθρός (eruthrós); κᾰρῡ́κῐνος (karū́kinos), κόκκῐνος (kókkinos), φοινός (phoinós)	πυρρός (purrhós); ὄρφνῐνος (órphninos)	ξᾰνθός (xanthós), μήλινος (mḗlinos); ὠχρός (ōkhrós)
πρᾰ́σῐνος (prásinos)	χλωρός (khlōrós)	χλωρός (khlōrós); χλωρομέλᾱς (khlōromélās)
κῠᾰ́νεος (kuáneos); γλαυκός (glaukós), κᾰλάϊνος (kaláïnos)	κῠᾰ́νεος (kuáneos)	κῠᾰ́νεος (kuáneos), ὑᾰκῐ́νθῐνος (huakínthinos)
φοινῑ́κεος (phoinī́keos), ἰόεις (ióeis); ᾰ̔λουργής (halourgḗs), πορφῠ́ρεος (porphúreos), οἶνοψ (oînops)	φοινῑ́κεος (phoinī́keos); ᾰ̔λουργής (halourgḗs), πορφῠ́ρεος (porphúreos)	ῥόδινος (rhódinos), ῥοδόεις (rhodóeis)

Further reading

• “γλαυκός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “γλαυκός”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “γλαυκός”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• γλαυκός in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• γλαυκός in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• γλαυκός in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2023)
• “γλαυκός”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • blue idem, page 85.
  • gray idem, page 371.